UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _______ to _______

Commission file number: 000-25927

MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Michigan		38-3391345
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

10753 Macatawa Drive, Holland, Michigan 49424

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (616) 820-1444

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock	MCBC	NASDAQ

Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐

Accelerated filer ☒

Non-accelerated filer ☐

Smaller reporting company ☒

Emerging Growth Company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date: 34,107,995 shares of the Company's Common Stock (no par value) were outstanding as of April 23, 2020.

Forward-Looking Statements

This report contains forward-looking statements that are based on management's beliefs, assumptions, current expectations, estimates and projections about the financial services industry, the economy, and Macatawa Bank Corporation. Forward-looking statements are identifiable by words or phrases such as “outlook”, “plan” or “strategy”; that an event or trend “could”, “may”, “should”, “will”, “is likely”, or is “possible” or “probable” to occur or “continue”, has “begun” or “is scheduled” or “on track” or that the Company or its management “anticipates”, “believes”, “estimates”, “plans”, “forecasts”, “intends”, “predicts”, “projects”, or “expects” a particular result, or is “committed”, “confident”, “optimistic” or has an “opinion” that an event will occur, or other words or phrases such as “ongoing”, “future”, “signs”, “efforts”, “tend”, “exploring”, “appearing”, “until”, “near term”, “concern”, “going forward”, “focus”, “starting”, “initiative,” “trend” and variations of such words and similar expressions. Such statements are based upon current beliefs and expectations and involve substantial risks and uncertainties which could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. These statements include, among others, those related to the risks and uncertainties related to, and the impact of, the global coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on the business, financial condition and results of operations of our company and our customers, future levels of earning assets, future composition of our loan portfolio, trends in credit quality metrics, future capital levels and capital needs, real estate valuation, future levels of repossessed and foreclosed properties and nonperforming assets, future levels of losses and costs associated with the administration and disposition of repossessed and foreclosed properties and nonperforming assets, future levels of loan charge-offs, future levels of other real estate owned, future levels of provisions for loan losses and reserve recoveries, the rate of asset dispositions, future dividends, future growth and funding sources, future cost of funds, future liquidity levels, future profitability levels, future interest rate levels, future net interest margin levels, the effects on earnings of changes in interest rates, future economic conditions, future effects of new or changed accounting standards, future loss recoveries, loan demand and loan growth and the future level of other revenue sources. Management's determination of the provision and allowance for loan losses, the appropriate carrying value of intangible assets (including deferred tax assets) and other real estate owned, and the fair value of investment securities (including whether any impairment on any investment security is temporary or other-than-temporary and the amount of any impairment) involves judgments that are inherently forward-looking. All statements with references to future time periods are forward-looking. All of the information concerning interest rate sensitivity is forward-looking. The future effect of changes in the real estate, financial and credit markets and the national and regional economy on the banking industry, generally, and Macatawa Bank Corporation, specifically, are also inherently uncertain. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions (“risk factors”) that are difficult to predict with regard to timing, extent, likelihood and degree of occurrence. Therefore, actual results and outcomes may materially differ from what may be expressed or forecasted in such forward-looking statements. Macatawa Bank Corporation does not undertake to update forward-looking statements to reflect the impact of circumstances or events that may arise after the date of the forward-looking statements.

Risk factors include, but are not limited to, the risk factors described in "Item 1A - Risk Factors" of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. These and other factors are representative of the risk factors that may emerge and could cause a difference between an ultimate actual outcome and a preceding forward-looking statement.

INDEX

		Page Number

Part I.	Financial Information:

	Item 1.
	Consolidated Financial Statements	4

	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	10

	Item 2.
	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	34

	Item 3.
	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	47

	Item 4.
	Controls and Procedures	48

Part II.	Other Information:

	Item 1A.
	Risk Factors	49

	Item 2.
	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	50

	Item 6.
	Exhibits	50

Signatures		51

Index

Part I Financial Information

Item 1.

MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

As of March 31, 2020 (unaudited) and December 31, 2019

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
ASSETS
Cash and due from banks	$	25,861		$	31,942
Federal funds sold and other short-term investments		181,334			240,508
Cash and cash equivalents		207,195			272,450
Debt securities available for sale, at fair value		243,368			225,249
Debt securities held to maturity (fair value 2020 - $84,866 and 2019 - $85,128)		82,514			82,720
Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) stock		11,558			11,558
Loans held for sale, at fair value		1,966			3,294
Total loans		1,395,341			1,385,627
Allowance for loan losses		(18,889	)		(17,200	)
Net loans		1,376,452			1,368,427
Premises and equipment – net		43,461			43,417
Accrued interest receivable		5,356			4,866
Bank-owned life insurance		42,411			42,156
Other real estate owned - net		2,626			2,748
Net deferred tax asset		1,728			2,078
Other assets		12,455			9,807
Total assets	$	2,031,090		$	2,068,770
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Deposits
Noninterest-bearing	$	492,409		$	482,499
Interest-bearing		1,212,971			1,270,795
Total deposits		1,705,380			1,753,294
Other borrowed funds		70,000			60,000
Long-term debt		20,619			20,619
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		11,511			17,388
Total liabilities		1,807,510			1,851,301
Commitments and contingent liabilities		—			—
Shareholders' equity
Common stock, no par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized; 34,107,995 and 34,103,542 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019		218,207			218,109
Retained earnings (deficit)		1,507			(2,184	)
Accumulated other comprehensive income		3,866			1,544
Total shareholders' equity		223,580			217,469
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	2,031,090		$	2,068,770

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Index

MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

Three month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019

(unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020		Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Interest income
Loans, including fees	$	14,851	$	16,450
Securities
Taxable		1,061		996
Tax-exempt		882		839
FHLB Stock		124		160
Federal funds sold and other short-term investments		576		744
Total interest income		17,494		19,189
Interest expense
Deposits		1,603		2,256
Other borrowings		349		327
Long-term debt		239		586
Total interest expense		2,191		3,169
Net interest income		15,303		16,020
Provision for loan losses		700		(250	)
Net interest income after provision for loan losses		14,603		16,270
Noninterest income
Service charges and fees		1,110		1,050
Net gains on mortgage loans		650		211
Trust fees		935		890
ATM and debit card fees		1,337		1,326
Gain on sales of securities		—		—
Bank owned life insurance ("BOLI") income		242		236
Other		685		615
Total noninterest income		4,959		4,328
Noninterest expense
Salaries and benefits		6,691		6,244
Occupancy of premises		1,009		1,093
Furniture and equipment		855		844
Legal and professional		291		230
Marketing and promotion		238		228
Data processing		760		730
FDIC assessment		—		120
Interchange and other card expense		347		345
Bond and D&O Insurance		105		104
Net (gains) losses on repossessed and foreclosed properties		31		(35	)
Administration and disposition of problem assets		30		88
Other		1,365		1,247
Total noninterest expenses		11,722		11,238
Income before income tax		7,840		9,360
Income tax expense		1,429		1,714
Net income	$	6,411	$	7,646
Basic earnings per common share	$	0.19	$	0.22
Diluted earnings per common share	$	0.19	$	0.22
Cash dividends per common share	$	0.08	$	0.07

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Index

MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

Three month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019

(unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands)

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020			Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Net income	$	6,411		$	7,646
Other comprehensive income:
Unrealized gains (losses):
Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on debt securities available for sale		2,939			2,261
Tax effect		(617	)		(475	)
Net change in unrealized gains (losses) on debt securities available for sale, net of tax		2,322			1,786
Less: reclassification adjustments:
Reclassification for gains included in net income		—			—
Tax effect		—			—
Reclassification for gains included in net income, net of tax		—			—
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		2,322			1,786
Comprehensive income	$	8,733		$	9,432

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Index

MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

Three month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019

(unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

	Common Stock		Retained Deficit			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Total Shareholders' Equity
Balance, January 1, 2019	$	217,783	$	(24,652	)	$	(2,278	)	$	190,853
Net income for the three months ended March 31, 2019		—		7,646			—			7,646
Cash dividends at $.07 per share		—		(2,378	)		—			(2,378	)
Net change in unrealized loss on debt securities available for sale, net of tax		—		—			1,786			1,786
Stock compensation expense		59		—			—			59
Balance, March 31, 2019	$	217,842	$	(19,384	)	$	(492	)	$	197,966

	Common Stock			Retained Earnings (Deficit)			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total Shareholders' Equity
Balance, January 1, 2020	$	218,109		$	(2,184	)	$	1,544	$	217,469
Net income for the three months ended March 31, 2020		—			6,411			—		6,411
Cash dividends at $.08 per share		—			(2,720	)		—		(2,720	)
Repurchase of 1,608 shares for taxes withheld on vested restricted stock		(11	)							(11	)
Net change in unrealized loss on debt securities available for sale, net of tax		—			—			2,322		2,322
Stock compensation expense		109			—			—		109
Balance, March 31, 2020	$	218,207		$	1,507		$	3,866	$	223,580

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Index

MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

Three month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019

(unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands)

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020			Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	$	6,411		$	7,646
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		721			632
Stock compensation expense		109			59
Provision for loan losses		700			(250	)
Origination of loans for sale		(29,356	)		(6,881	)
Proceeds from sales of loans originated for sale		31,334			6,995
Net gains on mortgage loans		(650	)		(211	)
Write-down of other real estate		31			10
Net gain (loss) on sales of other real estate		—			(45	)
Deferred income tax expense		(271	)		245
Change in accrued interest receivable and other assets		(3,138	)		(2,063	)
Earnings in bank-owned life insurance		(242	)		(236	)
Change in accrued expenses and other liabilities		4,276			2,771
Net cash from operating activities		9,925			8,672
Cash flows from investing activities
Loan originations and payments, net		(8,725	)		21,357
Purchases of securities available for sale		(49,894	)		(5,297	)
Purchases of securities held to maturity		(5,876	)		(498	)
Proceeds from:
Maturities and calls of securities		26,544			8,300
Principal paydowns on securities		3,949			1,835
Sales of other real estate		91			154
Additions to premises and equipment		(624	)		(568	)
Net cash from investing activities		(34,535	)		25,283
Cash flows from financing activities
Change in deposits		(47,914	)		(58,875	)
Repayments and maturities of other borrowed funds		—			(10,000	)
Proceeds from other borrowed funds		10,000			10,000
Repurchase of shares for taxes withheld on vested restricted stock		(11	)		—
Cash dividends paid		(2,720	)		(2,378	)
Net cash from financing activities		(40,645	)		(61,253	)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents		(65,255	)		(27,298	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		272,450			171,284
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	207,195		$	143,986

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Index

MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Continued)

Three month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019

(unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands)

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020			Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Supplemental cash flow information
Interest paid	$	2,234		$	2,788
Income taxes paid		—			—
Supplemental noncash disclosures:
Transfers from loans to other real estate		—			—
Security settlement		(10,153	)		(253	)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

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Index

MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 1 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Principles of Consolidation: The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Macatawa Bank Corporation ("the Company", "our", "we") and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Macatawa Bank ("the Bank"). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Macatawa Bank is a Michigan chartered bank with depository accounts insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The Bank operates 26 full service branch offices providing a full range of commercial and consumer banking and trust services in Kent County, Ottawa County, and northern Allegan County, Michigan.

The Company owns all of the common stock of Macatawa Statutory Trust I and Macatawa Statutory Trust II. These are grantor trusts that issued trust preferred securities and are not consolidated with the Company under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Recent Events: In December 2019, news began to surface regarding an influenza pandemic in China, known as the novel coronavirus, or COVID-19. In January 2020, the United States restricted entry to anyone traveling from China. In February 2020, the pandemic spread broadly and swiftly throughout Europe and the Middle East, particularly in Italy and Iran. Cases began to surface in the United States in February 2020 and accelerated in early March 2020. The Federal Reserve reduced the overnight federal funds rate by 50 basis points on March 3, 2020 and by another 100 basis points on March 15, 2020 and announced the resumption of quantitative easing. During the week of March 9, 2020, individual states began implementing restrictions and promoting “social distancing”. These restrictions included closure of schools, restrictions on the number of public gatherings, encouragement of work at home arrangements and other measures. In Michigan, Governor Gretchen Whitmer issued a “stay home, stay safe” executive order effective March 24, 2020, which required residents to remain at home "to the maximum extent feasible" and prohibited in-person work that "is not necessary to sustain or protect life." Pursuant to the order, no person or entity was permitted to operate a business that required workers to leave their homes except to the extent that those workers were necessary (i) to conduct minimum basic operations or (ii) to sustain or protect life. On April 9, 2020, the Governor issued a revised executive order, which is effective through April 30, 2020. This revised executive order further limits travel, provides guidance regarding the definition of critical infrastructure workers, places additional requirements on businesses remaining open including limiting goods that can be sold by retailers and implementing social distancing practices, and incorporates guidance issued under the earlier order. It is possible that the Governor will issue one or more additional executive orders extending the existing orders or imposing additional restrictions on the activities of individuals or businesses. Congress passed a number of measures in late March 2020, designed to infuse cash into the economy to offset the negative impacts of business closings and restrictions. The COVID-19 pandemic is a highly unusual, unprecedented and evolving public health and economic crisis and may have a negative material impact on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. The Company is in an asset-sensitive position, so decreases in short-term rates have a net negative impact on the Company’s net interest income as the Company’s interest-earning assets will reprice faster than its interest-bearing liabilities. Additionally, the negative consequences of the unprecedented economic shutdown nationally and in Michigan is likely to result in a higher level of delinquencies and loan losses and require additional provisions for loan losses, which will have a negative impact on our results of operations.

We quickly responded to the changing environment by executing our business continuity plan and purchasing and deploying additional equipment to allow for a majority of our workforce to work remotely. Our branch facilities remain open, but lobbies have been closed with transactions being conducted through drive-up windows or on-line channels. We have implemented rotations for onsite personnel, implemented enhanced daily cleaning of facilities and instructed personnel to maintain appropriate social distancing in our offices.

On March 22, 2020, the federal banking agencies issued an “Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions Working with Customers Affected by the Coronavirus”. This guidance encourages financial institutions to work prudently with borrowers that may be unable to meet their contractual obligations because of the effects of COVID-19. The guidance goes on to explain that in consultation with the FASB staff that the federal banking agencies conclude that short-term modifications (e.g. six months) made on a good faith basis to borrowers who were current as of the implementation date of a relief program are not Troubled Debt Restructurings (“TDRs”). The Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act was passed by Congress on March 27, 2020. Section 4013 of the CARES Act also addressed COVID-19 related modifications and specified that COVID-19 related modifications on loans that were current as of December 31, 2019 are not TDRs. Through March 31, 2020, the Bank had applied this guidance and modified 179 individual loans with aggregate principal balances totaling $88.0 million. More of these types of modifications are likely to be executed in the second quarter of 2020. The majority of these modifications involved three-month extensions of interest-only periods.

The CARES Act included an allocation of $349 billion for loans to be issued by financial institutions through the Small Business Administration (“SBA”). This program is known as the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”). PPP loans are forgivable, in whole or in part, if the proceeds are used for payroll and other permitted purposes in accordance with the requirements of the PPP. These loans carry a fixed rate of 1.00% and a term of two years, if not forgiven, in whole or in part. Payments are deferred for the first six months of the loan. The loans are 100% guaranteed by the SBA. The SBA pays the originating bank a processing fee ranging from 1% to 5%, based on the size of the loan. The SBA began accepting submissions for these PPP loans on Friday, April 3, 2020. In the first weekend, we originated over $100 million of these PPP loans and through April 16, 2020, the date the SBA reached the limit of funds available to disburse under this program, we had received SBA authorizations for PPP loans totaling $311.6 million. Participation in the PPP will likely have a significant impact on our asset mix and net interest margin for the remainder of 2020. At March 31, 2020, we had $181.3 million in federal funds sold and $359.4 million of available borrowing capacity from our correspondent banks. In addition, the Federal Reserve has implemented a liquidity facility available to financial institutions participating in the PPP. As such, the Bank believes it has sufficient liquidity sources to fund all pending PPP loans and to continue to provide this important service to local businesses if additional funds are appropriated for the PPP.

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Index

MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 1 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Basis of Presentation: The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring accruals) believed necessary for a fair presentation have been included.

Operating results for the three month period ended March 31, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2020. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Use of Estimates: To prepare financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, management makes estimates and assumptions based on available information. These estimates and assumptions affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and the disclosures provided, and future results could differ. The allowance for loan losses, valuation of deferred tax assets, loss contingencies, fair value of other real estate owned and fair values of financial instruments are particularly subject to change.

Allowance for Loan Losses: The allowance for loan losses (allowance) is a valuation allowance for probable incurred credit losses inherent in our loan portfolio, increased by the provision for loan losses and recoveries, and decreased by charge-offs of loans. Management believes the allowance for loan losses balance to be adequate based on known and inherent risks in the portfolio, past loan loss experience, information about specific borrower situations and estimated collateral values, economic conditions and other relevant factors. Allocations of the allowance may be made for specific loans, but the entire allowance is available for any loan that, in management’s judgment, should be charged-off. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectibility of a loan balance is confirmed. Management continues its collection efforts on previously charged-off balances and applies recoveries as additions to the allowance for loan losses.

The allowance consists of specific and general components. The specific component relates to loans that are individually classified as impaired. The general component covers non-classified loans and is based on historical loss experience adjusted for current qualitative factors. The Company maintains a loss migration analysis that tracks loan losses and recoveries based on loan class and the loan risk grade assignment for commercial loans. At March 31, 2020, an 18 month annualized historical loss experience was used for commercial loans and a 12 month historical loss experience period was applied to residential mortgage loans and consumer loans. These historical loss percentages are adjusted (both upwards and downwards) for certain qualitative factors, including economic trends, credit quality trends, valuation trends, concentration risk, quality of loan review, changes in personnel, external factors and other considerations.

A loan is impaired when, based on current information and events, it is believed to be probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Loans for which the terms have been modified and a concession has been made, and for which the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties, are considered troubled debt restructurings and classified as impaired.

Commercial and commercial real estate loans with relationship balances exceeding $500,000 and an internal risk grading of 6 or worse are evaluated for impairment. If a loan is impaired, a portion of the allowance is allocated and the loan is reported at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan’s existing interest rate or at the fair value of collateral, less estimated costs to sell, if repayment is expected solely from the collateral. Large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans, such as consumer and residential real estate loans, are collectively evaluated for impairment and they are not separately identified for impairment disclosures.

Troubled debt restructurings are also considered impaired with impairment generally measured at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan’s effective rate at inception or using the fair value of collateral, less estimated costs to sell, if repayment is expected solely from the collateral.

Foreclosed Assets: Assets acquired through or instead of loan foreclosure, primarily other real estate owned, are initially recorded at fair value less estimated costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. If fair value declines, a valuation allowance is recorded through expense. Costs after acquisition are expensed unless they add value to the property.

Income Taxes: Income tax expense is the sum of the current year income tax due or refundable and the change in deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts and tax bases of assets and liabilities, computed using enacted tax rates. A valuation allowance, if needed, reduces deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

The Company recognizes a tax position as a benefit only if it is "more likely than not" that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized on examination. For tax positions not meeting the "more likely than not" test, no tax benefit is recorded. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense.

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Index

MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 1 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Continued)

Revenue Recognition: The Company recognizes revenues as they are earned based on contractual terms, as transactions occur, or as services are provided and collectability is reasonably assured. The Company’s primary source of revenue is interest income from the Bank’s loans and investment securities. The Company also earns noninterest revenue from various banking services offered by the Bank.

Interest Income: The Company’s largest source of revenue is interest income which is primarily recognized on an accrual basis based on contractual terms written into loans and investment contracts.

Noninterest Revenue: The Company derives the majority of its noninterest revenue from: (1) service charges for deposit related services, (2) gains related to mortgage loan sales, (3) trust fees and (4) debit and credit card interchange income. Most of these services are transaction based and revenue is recognized as the related service is provided.

Derivatives: Certain of the Bank’s commercial loan customers have entered into interest rate swap agreements directly with the Bank. At the same time the Bank enters into a swap agreement with its customer, the Bank enters into a corresponding interest rate swap agreement with a correspondent bank at terms mirroring the Bank’s interest rate swap with its commercial loan customer. This is known as a back-to-back swap agreement. Under this arrangement the Bank has two freestanding interest rate swaps, each of which are carried at fair value. As the terms mirror each other, there is no income statement impact to the Bank. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the total notional amount of such agreements was $75.9 million and $70.3 million, respectively, and resulted in a derivative asset with a fair value of $4.3 million and $1.8 million, respectively, which were included in other assets and a derivative liability of $4.3 million and $1.8 million, respectively, which were included in other liabilities.

Reclassifications: Some items in the prior period financial statements were reclassified to conform to the current presentation.

Newly Issued Not Yet Effective Standards: FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. This ASU provides financial statement users with more decision-useful information about the expected credit losses on financial instruments and other commitments to extend credit held by a reporting entity at each reporting date by replacing the incurred loss impairment methodology in current GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. The new guidance eliminates the probable initial recognition threshold and, instead, reflects an entity’s current estimate of all expected credit losses. The new guidance broadens the information that an entity must consider in developing its expected credit loss estimate for assets measured either collectively or individually to include forecasted information, as well as past events and current conditions. There is no specified method for measuring expected credit losses, and an entity is allowed to apply methods that reasonably reflect its expectations of the credit loss estimate. Although an entity may still use its current systems and methods for recording the allowance for credit losses, under the new rules, the inputs used to record the allowance for credit losses generally will need to change to appropriately reflect an estimate of all expected credit losses and the use of reasonable and supportable forecasts. Additionally, credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities will now have to be presented as an allowance rather than as a write-down.

ASU No. 2019-10 Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), and Leases (Topic 842) – Effective Dates updated the effective date of this ASU for smaller reporting companies, such as the Company, to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company selected a software vendor for applying this new ASU, began implementation of the software in the second quarter of 2018, completed integration during the third quarter of 2018 and ran parallel computations with both systems using the current GAAP incurred loss model in the fourth quarter of 2018. The Company went live with this software beginning in January 2019 for its monthly incurred loss computations and began modeling the new current expected credit loss model assumptions to the allowance for loan losses computation. In the second, third and fourth quarters of 2019, the Company modeled the various methods prescribed in the ASU against the Company’s identified loan segments. The Company anticipates continuing to run parallel computations and fine tune assumptions as it continues to evaluate the impact of adoption of the new standard. The COVID-19 pandemic that broke out in the United States in the first quarter of 2020 may have a significant impact on allowance computations under the incurred loss model which would be amplified under the new standard. Efforts are underway in Congress and with banking regulators to require a further deferral of implementation of ASU No. 2016-13.

On March 12, 2020, the Securities Exchange Commission finalized amendments to the definitions of “accelerated” and “large accelerated filer” definitions. The amendments increase the threshold criteria for meeting these categories and are effective on April 27, 2020. Prior to these changes, the Company was designated as an “accelerated” filer as it had more than $75 million in public float but less than $700 million at the end of the Company’s most recent second quarter. The rule change expands the definition of “smaller reporting companies” to include entities with public float of less than $700 million and less than $100 million in annual revenues. The Company expects to meet this expanded category of small reporting company and will no longer be considered an accelerated filer. If the Company’s annual revenues exceed $100 million, its category will change back to “accelerated filer”. The categorization of “accelerated” or “large accelerated filer” drives the requirement for a public company to obtain an auditor attestation of its internal control over financial reporting. Smaller reporting companies also have additional time to file quarterly and annual financial statements. All public companies are required to obtain and file annual financial statement audits, as well as provide management’s assertion on effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, but the external auditor attestation of internal control over financial reporting is not required if not an accelerated or large accelerated filer. As the Bank has total assets exceeding $1.0 billion, it remains subject to FDICIA, which requires an auditor attestation of internal controls over the Bank’s regulatory financial reporting. As such, other than the additional time provided to file quarterly and annual financial statements, this change does not significantly change the Company’s annual reporting and audit requirements.

-12-

Index

MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 2 – SECURITIES

The amortized cost and fair value of securities at period-end were as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
March 31, 2020
Available for Sale
U.S. Treasury and federal agency securities	$	67,794	$	584	$	—		$	68,378
U.S. Agency MBS and CMOs		62,555		2,118		—			64,673
Tax-exempt state and municipal bonds		45,820		1,123		(13	)		46,930
Taxable state and municipal bonds		55,015		1,102		(46	)		56,071
Corporate bonds and other debt securities		7,290		41		(15	)		7,316
	$	238,474	$	4,968	$	(74	)	$	243,368
Held to Maturity
Tax-exempt state and municipal bonds	$	82,514	$	2,352	$	—		$	84,866

	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
December 31, 2019
Available for Sale
U.S. Treasury and federal agency securities	$	74,839	$	95	$	(185	)	$	74,749
U.S. Agency MBS and CMOs		45,795		474		(68	)		46,201
Tax-exempt state and municipal bonds		44,718		1,244		—			45,962
Taxable state and municipal bonds		51,683		404		(65	)		52,022
Corporate bonds and other debt securities		6,263		55		(3	)		6,315
	$	223,298	$	2,272	$	(321	)	$	225,249
Held to Maturity
Tax-exempt state and municipal bonds	$	82,720	$	2,408	$	—		$	85,128

There were no sales of securities in the three month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

Contractual maturities of debt securities at March 31, 2020 were as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Held–to-Maturity Securities				Available-for-Sale Securities
	Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	18,583	$	18,669	$	30,761	$	30,926
Due from one to five years		31,133		31,895		84,398		85,879
Due from five to ten years		14,173		14,869		60,823		62,003
Due after ten years		18,625		19,433		62,492		64,560
	$	82,514	$	84,866	$	238,474	$	243,368

-13-

Index

MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 2 – SECURITIES (Continued)

Securities with unrealized losses at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, were as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Less than 12 Months					12 Months or More					Total
March 31, 2020	Fair Value		Unrealized Loss			Fair Value		Unrealized Loss			Fair Value		Unrealized Loss
Available for Sale
U.S. Treasury and federal agency securities	$	—	$	—		$	—	$	—		$	—	$	—
U.S. Agency MBS and CMOs		—		—			—		—			—		—
Tax-exempt state and municipal bonds		503		(3	)		—		—			503		(3	)
Taxable state and municipal bonds		5,053		(56	)		—		—			5,053		(56	)
Corporate bonds and other debt securities		2,980		(14	)		351		(1	)		3,331		(15	)
Total	$	8,536	$	(73	)	$	351	$	(1	)	$	8,887	$	(74	)

Held to Maturity
Tax-exempt state and municipal bonds	$	—	$	—		$	—	$	—		$	—	$	—

	Less than 12 Months					12 Months or More					Total
December 31, 2019	Fair Value		Unrealized Loss			Fair Value		Unrealized Loss			Fair Value		Unrealized Loss
Available for Sale
U.S. Treasury and federal agency securities	$	15,009	$	(97	)	$	27,026	$	(87	)	$	42,035	$	(184	)
U.S. Agency MBS and CMOs		19,117		(56	)		1,196		(12	)		20,313		(68	)
Tax-exempt state and municipal bonds		319		—			—		—			319		—
Taxable state and municipal bonds		8,569		(57	)		2,981		(9	)		11,550		(66	)
Corporate bonds and other debt securities		932		—			852		(3	)		1,784		(3	)
Total temporarily impaired	$	43,946	$	(210	)	$	32,055	$	(111	)	$	76,001	$	(321	)

Held to Maturity
Tax-exempt state and municipal bonds	$	—	$	—		$	—	$	—		$	—	$	—

Other-Than-Temporary-Impairment

Management evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment ("OTTI") at least on a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such an evaluation. At March 31, 2020, 17 securities available for sale with fair values totaling $8.9 million had unrealized losses totaling approximately $74,000. At March 31, 2020, no securities held to maturity had unrealized losses. Management has the intent and ability to hold the securities classified as held to maturity until they mature, at which time the Company will receive full value for the securities. In addition, management believes it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell any if its investment securities before a recovery of cost. Management determined that the unrealized losses for the three month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 were attributable to changes in interest rates and not due to credit quality. As such, no OTTI charges were necessary during each period.

Securities with a carrying value of approximately $5.1 million and $3.0 million were pledged as security for public deposits, letters of credit and for other purposes required or permitted by law at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

-14-

Index

MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 3 – LOANS

Portfolio loans were as follows (dollars in thousands):

	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Commercial and industrial	$	527,590		$	499,572
Commercial real estate:
Residential developed		12,795			14,705
Unsecured to residential developers		5,000			—
Vacant and unimproved		42,761			41,796
Commercial development		623			665
Residential improved		131,954			130,861
Commercial improved		284,565			292,799
Manufacturing and industrial		114,953			117,632
Total commercial real estate		592,651			598,458
Consumer
Residential mortgage		198,585			211,049
Unsecured		247			274
Home equity		71,462			70,936
Other secured		4,806			5,338
Total consumer		275,100			287,597
Total loans		1,395,341			1,385,627
Allowance for loan losses		(18,889	)		(17,200	)
	$	1,376,452		$	1,368,427

Activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment was as follows (dollars in thousands):

Three months ended March 31, 2020	Commercial and Industrial		Commercial Real Estate			Consumer			Unallocated		Total
Beginning balance	$	7,658	$	6,521		$	3,009		$	12	$	17,200
Charge-offs		—		—			(39	)		—		(39	)
Recoveries		19		974			35			—		1,028
Provision for loan losses		1,130		(582	)		125			27		700
Ending Balance	$	8,807	$	6,913		$	3,130		$	39	$	18,889

Three months ended March 31, 2019	Commercial and Industrial			Commercial Real Estate			Consumer			Unallocated		Total
Beginning balance	$	6,856		$	6,544		$	3,449		$	27	$	16,876
Charge-offs		—			(132	)		(25	)		—		(157	)
Recoveries		136			224			63			—		423
Provision for loan losses		(3	)		(189	)		(61	)		3		(250	)
Ending Balance	$	6,989		$	6,447		$	3,426		$	30	$	16,892

The provision for loan losses for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was $700,000 compared to a negative $250,000 for the same period in 2019. Positively impacting the provisions for loan losses for each period were the continued stabilization of real estate values on problem credits and asset quality metrics, and net loan recoveries of $989,000 in the three months ended March 31, 2020 and $266,000 in the same period in 2019. Negatively impacting the provision for loan losses for the first quarter of 2020 was the estimated impact of COVID-19, which impact will be far-reaching and take time to be fully realized. The Bank has been actively working with its borrowers at risk who are impacted by the stay-at-home orders issued by the Governor of the State of Michigan on March 23, 2020 and April 9, 2020, respectively. These actions include short-term extensions and acceptance of interest-only payments on a short-term basis. Many of the Bank’s customers have been applying for and receiving Paycheck Protection Program loans as well. The Bank believes these measures will partially mitigate the impact of these stay-at home orders, but it is likely that the Bank will experience increased delinquencies and loan losses as a result of the economic fallout from COVID-19.

-15-

Index

MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 3 – LOANS (Continued)

The following table presents the balance in the allowance for loan losses and the recorded investment in loans by portfolio segment and based on impairment method (dollars in thousands):

March 31, 2020	Commercial and Industrial		Commercial Real Estate		Consumer		Unallocated		Total
Allowance for loan losses:
Ending allowance attributable to loans:
Individually reviewed for impairment	$	1,720	$	36	$	359	$	—	$	2,115
Collectively evaluated for impairment		7,087		6,877		2,771		39		16,774
Total ending allowance balance	$	8,807	$	6,913	$	3,130	$	39	$	18,889
Loans:
Individually reviewed for impairment	$	7,164	$	8,356	$	4,820	$	—	$	20,340
Collectively evaluated for impairment		520,426		584,295		270,280		—		1,375,001
Total ending loans balance	$	527,590	$	592,651	$	275,100	$	—	$	1,395,341

December 31, 2019	Commercial and Industrial		Commercial Real Estate		Consumer		Unallocated		Total
Allowance for loan losses:
Ending allowance attributable to loans:
Individually reviewed for impairment	$	1,213	$	32	$	379	$	—	$	1,624
Collectively evaluated for impairment		6,445		6,489		2,630		12		15,576
Total ending allowance balance	$	7,658	$	6,521	$	3,009	$	12	$	17,200
Loans:
Individually reviewed for impairment	$	5,797	$	2,928	$	5,140	$	—	$	13,865
Collectively evaluated for impairment		493,775		595,530		282,457		—		1,371,762
Total ending loans balance	$	499,572	$	598,458	$	287,597	$	—	$	1,385,627

-16-

Index

MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 3 – LOANS (Continued)

The following table presents loans individually evaluated for impairment by class of loans as of March 31, 2020 (dollars in thousands):

March 31, 2020	Unpaid Principal Balance		Recorded Investment		Allowance Allocated
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial and industrial	$	168	$	168	$	—
Commercial real estate:
Residential developed		—		—		—
Unsecured to residential developers		—		—		—
Vacant and unimproved		—		—		—
Commercial development		—		—		—
Residential improved		200		200		—
Commercial improved		7,157		7,157		—
Manufacturing and industrial		—		—		—
		7,357		7,357		—
Consumer:
Residential mortgage		—		—		—
Unsecured		—		—		—
Home equity		—		—		—
Other secured		—		—		—
		—		—		—
Total with no related allowance recorded	$	7,525	$	7,525	$	—
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial and industrial	$	6,996	$	6,996	$	1,720
Commercial real estate:
Residential developed		73		73		3
Unsecured to residential developers		—		—		—
Vacant and unimproved		—		—		—
Commercial development		—		—		—
Residential improved		—		—		—
Commercial improved		571		571		19
Manufacturing and industrial		355		355		14
		999		999		36
Consumer:
Residential mortgage		4,116		4,116		307
Unsecured		179		179		13
Home equity		499		499		37
Other secured		26		26		2
		4,820		4,820		359
Total with an allowance recorded	$	12,815	$	12,815	$	2,115
Total	$	20,340	$	20,340	$	2,115

-17-

Index

MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 3 – LOANS (Continued)

The following table presents loans individually evaluated for impairment by class of loans as of December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands):

December 31, 2019	Unpaid Principal Balance		Recorded Investment		Allowance Allocated
With no related allowance recorded:
Commercial and industrial	$	180	$	180	$	—
Commercial real estate:
Residential developed		—		—		—
Unsecured to residential developers		—		—		—
Vacant and unimproved		130		130		—
Commercial development		—		—		—
Residential improved		377		377		—
Commercial improved		1,380		1,380		—
Manufacturing and industrial		—		—		—
		1,887		1,887		—
Consumer:
Residential mortgage		—		—		—
Unsecured		—		—		—
Home equity		—		—		—
Other secured		—		—		—
		—		—		—
Total with no related allowance recorded	$	2,067	$	2,067	$	—
With an allowance recorded:
Commercial and industrial	$	5,617	$	5,617	$	1,213
Commercial real estate:
Residential developed		76		76		3
Unsecured to residential developers		—		—		—
Vacant and unimproved		—		—		—
Commercial development		—		—		—
Residential improved		28		28		2
Commercial improved		578		578		16
Manufacturing and industrial		359		359		11
		1,041		1,041		32
Consumer:
Residential mortgage		4,242		4,242		313
Unsecured		198		198		14
Home equity		677		677		50
Other secured		23		23		2
		5,140		5,140		379
Total with an allowance recorded	$	11,798	$	11,798	$	1,624
Total	$	13,865	$	13,865	$	1,624

-18-

Index

MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 3 – LOANS (Continued)

The following table presents information regarding average balances of impaired loans and interest recognized on impaired loans for the three month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (dollars in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020		Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Average of impaired loans during the period:
Commercial and industrial	$	6,615	$	6,825
Commercial real estate:
Residential developed		74		172
Unsecured to residential developers		—		—
Vacant and unimproved		—		138
Commercial development		—		—
Residential improved		267		308
Commercial improved		5,822		2,340
Manufacturing and industrial		356		379
Consumer		4,914		6,197
Interest income recognized during impairment:
Commercial and industrial		273		288
Commercial real estate		99		44
Consumer		57		75
Cash-basis interest income recognized
Commercial and industrial		275		282
Commercial real estate		128		49
Consumer		60		76

Nonaccrual loans include both smaller balance homogeneous loans that are collectively evaluated for impairment and individually classified impaired loans. The following tables present the recorded investment in nonaccrual and loans past due over 90 days still on accrual by class of loans as of March 31, 2020 and 2019:

March 31, 2020	Nonaccrual		Over 90 days Accruing
Commercial and industrial	$	1,211	$	—
Commercial real estate:
Residential developed		—		—
Unsecured to residential developers		—		—
Vacant and unimproved		—		—
Commercial development		—		—
Residential improved		97		—
Commercial improved		5,811		—
Manufacturing and industrial		—		—
		5,908		—
Consumer:
Residential mortgage		103		—
Unsecured		—		—
Home equity		8		—
Other secured		—		—
		111		—
Total	$	7,230	$	—

-19-

Index

MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 3 – LOANS (Continued)

December 31, 2019	Nonaccrual		Over 90 days Accruing
Commercial and industrial	$	—	$	—
Commercial real estate:
Residential developed		—		—
Unsecured to residential developers		—		—
Vacant and unimproved		—		—
Commercial development		—		—
Residential improved		98		—
Commercial improved		—		—
Manufacturing and industrial		—		—
		98		—
Consumer:
Residential mortgage		105		—
Unsecured		—		—
Home equity		—		—
Other secured		—		—
		105		—
Total	$	203	$	—

The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 by class of loans (dollars in thousands):

March 31, 2020	30-90 Days		Greater Than 90 Days		Total Past Due		Loans Not Past Due		Total
Commercial and industrial	$	98		—	$	98	$	527,492	$	527,590
Commercial real estate:
Residential developed		—		—		—		12,795		12,795
Unsecured to residential developers		—		—		—		5,000		5,000
Vacant and unimproved		—		—		—		42,761		42,761
Commercial development		—		—		—		623		623
Residential improved		82		15		97		131,857		131,954
Commercial improved		—		—		—		284,565		284,565
Manufacturing and industrial		—		—		—		114,953		114,953
		82		15		97		592,554		592,651
Consumer:
Residential mortgage		191		101		292		198,293		198,585
Unsecured		3		—		3		244		247
Home equity		15		8		23		71,439		71,462
Other secured		—		—		—		4,806		4,806
		209		109		318		274,782		275,100
Total	$	389	$	124	$	513	$	1,394,828	$	1,395,341

-20-

Index

MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 3 – LOANS (Continued)

December 31, 2019	30-90 Days		Greater Than 90 Days		Total Past Due		Loans Not Past Due		Total
Commercial and industrial	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	499,572	$	499,572
Commercial real estate:
Residential developed		—		—		—		14,705		14,705
Unsecured to residential developers		—		—		—		—		—
Vacant and unimproved		—		—		—		41,796		41,796
Commercial development		—		—		—		665		665
Residential improved		171		15		186		130,675		130,861
Commercial improved		103		—		103		292,696		292,799
Manufacturing and industrial		—		—		—		117,632		117,632
		274		15		289		598,169		598,458
Consumer:
Residential mortgage		2		103		105		210,944		211,049
Unsecured		—		—		—		274		274
Home equity		8		—		8		70,928		70,936
Other secured		3		—		3		5,335		5,338
		13		103		116		287,481		287,597
Total	$	287	$	118	$	405	$	1,385,222	$	1,385,627

The Company had allocated $1,693,000 and $1,624,000 of specific reserves to customers whose loan terms have been modified in troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. These loans may have involved the restructuring of terms to allow customers to mitigate the risk of foreclosure by meeting a lower loan payment requirement based upon their current cash flow. These may also include loans that renewed at existing contractual rates, but below market rates for comparable credit. The Company has been active at utilizing these programs and working with its customers to reduce the risk of foreclosure. For commercial loans, these modifications typically include an interest only period and, in some cases, a lowering of the interest rate on the loan. In some cases, the modification will include separating the note into two notes with the first note structured to be supported by current cash flows and collateral, and the second note made for the remaining unsecured debt. The second note is charged off immediately and collected only after the first note is paid in full. This modification type is commonly referred to as an A-B note structure. For consumer mortgage loans, the restructuring typically includes a lowering of the interest rate to provide payment and cash flow relief. For each restructuring, a comprehensive credit underwriting analysis of the borrower’s financial condition and prospects of repayment under the revised terms is performed to assess whether the structure can be successful and that cash flows will be sufficient to support the restructured debt. An analysis is also performed to determine whether the restructured loan should be on accrual status. Generally, if the loan is on accrual at the time of restructure, it will remain on accrual after the restructuring. In some cases, a nonaccrual loan may be placed on accrual at restructuring if the loan’s actual payment history demonstrates it would have cash flowed under the restructured terms. After six consecutive payments under the restructured terms, a nonaccrual restructured loan is reviewed for possible upgrade to accruing status.

In situations where there is a subsequent modification or renewal and the loan is brought to market terms, including a contractual interest rate not less than a market interest rate for new debt with similar credit risk characteristics, the TDR and impaired loan designations may be removed. In addition, the TDR designation may also be removed from loans modified under an A-B note structure. If the remaining “A” note is at a market rate at the time of restructuring (taking into account the borrower’s credit risk and prevailing market conditions), the loan can be removed from TDR designation in a subsequent calendar year after six months of performance in accordance with the new terms. The market rate relative to the borrower’s credit risk is determined through analysis of market pricing information gathered from peers and use of a loan pricing model. The general objective of the model is to achieve a consistent return on equity from one credit to the next, taking into consideration differences in credit risk. In the model, credits with higher risk receive a higher potential loss allocation, and therefore require a higher interest rate to achieve the target return on equity.

As with other impaired loans, an allowance for loan loss is estimated for each TDR based on the most likely source of repayment for each loan. For impaired commercial real estate loans that are collateral dependent, the allowance is computed based on the fair value of the underlying collateral, less estimated costs to sell. For impaired commercial loans where repayment is expected from cash flows from business operations, the allowance is computed based on a discounted cash flow computation. Certain groups of TDRs, such as residential mortgages, have common characteristics and for them the allowance is computed based on a discounted cash flow computation on the change in weighted rate for the pool. The allowance allocations for commercial TDRs where we have reduced the contractual interest rate are computed by measuring cash flows using the new payment terms discounted at the original contractual rate.

-21-

Index

MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 3 – LOANS (Continued)

The following table presents information regarding troubled debt restructurings as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands):

	March 31, 2020				December 31, 2019
	Number of Loans		Outstanding Recorded Balance		Number of Loans		Outstanding Recorded Balance
Commercial and industrial		8	$	5,952		7	$	5,797
Commercial real estate		14		2,545		15		2,770
Consumer		65		4,820		69		5,140
		87	$	13,317		91	$	13,707

The following table presents information related to accruing troubled debt restructurings as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. The table presents the amount of accruing troubled debt restructurings that were on nonaccrual status prior to the restructuring, accruing at the time of restructuring and those that were upgraded to accruing status after receiving six consecutive monthly payments in accordance with the restructured terms as of each period reported (dollars in thousands):

	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Accruing TDR - nonaccrual at restructuring	$	—	$	—
Accruing TDR - accruing at restructuring		7,722		8,295
Accruing TDR - upgraded to accruing after six consecutive payments		5,490		5,314
	$	13,212	$	13,609

The following tables present information regarding troubled debt restructurings executed during the three month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (dollars in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020						Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
	# of Loans		Pre-TDR Balance		Writedown Upon TDR		# of Loans		Pre-TDR Balance		Writedown Upon TDR
Commercial and industrial		—	$	—	$	—		—	$	—	$	—
Commercial real estate		—		—		—		—		—		—
Consumer		1		3		—		—		—		—
	$	1	$	3	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

According to the accounting standards, not all loan modifications are TDRs. TDRs are modifications or renewals where the Company has granted a concession to a borrower in financial distress. The Company reviews all modifications and renewals for determination of TDR status. In some situations a borrower may be experiencing financial distress, but the Company does not provide a concession. These modifications are not considered TDRs. In other cases, the Company might provide a concession, such as a reduction in interest rate, but the borrower is not experiencing financial distress. This could be the case if the Company is matching a competitor’s interest rate. These modifications would also not be considered TDRs. Finally, any renewals at existing terms for borrowers not experiencing financial distress would not be considered TDRs. As with other loans not considered TDR or impaired, allowance allocations are based on the historical based allocation for the applicable loan grade and loan class.

Payment defaults on TDRs have been minimal and during the three month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, the balance of loans that became delinquent by more than 90 days past due or that were transferred to nonaccrual within 12 months of restructuring were not material.

In late March 2020, the federal banking regulators issued guidance that modifications made to a borrower affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and governmental shutdown orders does not need to be identified as a TDR if the loan was current at the time a modification plan was implemented. Section 4013 of the CARES Act also addressed COVID-19 related modifications and specified that such modifications made on loans that were current as of December 31, 2019 are not TDRs. As of March 31, 2020, the Bank has applied this guidance and made 179 such modifications with principal balances totaling $88.0 million. More of these types of modifications are likely to be executed in the second quarter of 2020 and the Bank will continue to follow the guidance issued by the banking regulators in making any TDR determinations.

-22-

Index

MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 3 – LOANS (Continued)

Credit Quality Indicators: The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of the borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company analyzes commercial loans individually and classifies these relationships by credit risk grading. The Company uses an eight point grading system, with grades 5 through 8 being considered classified, or watch, credits. All commercial loans are assigned a grade at origination, at each renewal or any amendment. When a credit is first downgraded to a watch credit (either through renewal, amendment, loan officer identification or the loan review process), an Administrative Loan Review (“ALR”) is generated by the credit department and the loan officer. All watch credits have an ALR completed quarterly which analyzes the collateral position and cash flow of the borrower and its guarantors. Management meets quarterly with loan officers to discuss each of these credits in detail and to help formulate solutions where progress has stalled. When necessary, the loan officer proposes changes to the assigned loan grade as part of the ALR. Additionally, Loan Review reviews all loan grades upon origination, renewal or amendment and again as loans are selected though the loan review process. The credit will stay on the ALR until either its grade has improved to a 4 or the credit relationship is at a zero balance. The Company uses the following definitions for the risk grades:

1. Excellent - Loans supported by extremely strong financial condition or secured by the Bank’s own deposits. Minimal risk to the Bank and the probability of serious rapid financial deterioration is extremely small.

2. Above Average - Loans supported by sound financial statements that indicate the ability to repay or borrowings secured (and margined properly) with marketable securities. Nominal risk to the Bank and probability of serious financial deterioration is highly unlikely. The overall quality of these credits is very high.

3. Good Quality - Loans supported by satisfactory asset quality and liquidity, good debt capacity coverage, and good management in all critical positions. Loans are secured by acceptable collateral with adequate margins. There is a slight risk of deterioration if adverse market conditions prevail.

4. Acceptable Risk - Loans carrying an acceptable risk to the Bank, which may be slightly below average quality. The borrower has limited financial strength with considerable leverage. There is some probability of deterioration if adverse market conditions prevail. These credits should be monitored closely by the Relationship Manager.

5. Marginally Acceptable - Loans are of marginal quality with above normal risk to the Bank. The borrower shows acceptable asset quality but very little liquidity with high leverage. There is inconsistent earning performance without the ability to sustain adverse market conditions. The primary source of repayment is questionable, but the secondary source of repayment still remains an option. Very close attention by the Relationship Manager and management is needed.

6. Substandard - Loans are inadequately protected by the net worth and paying capacity of the borrower or the collateral pledged. The primary and secondary sources of repayment are questionable. Heavy debt condition may be evident and volume and earnings deterioration may be underway. It is possible that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not immediately addressed and corrected.

7. Doubtful - Loans supported by weak or no financial statements, as well as the ability to repay the entire loan, are questionable. Loans in this category are normally characterized less than adequate collateral, insolvent, or extremely weak financial condition. A loan classified doubtful has all the weaknesses inherent in one classified substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses makes collection or liquidation in full highly questionable. The possibility of loss is extremely high, however, activity may be underway to minimize the loss or maximize the recovery.

8. Loss - Loans are considered uncollectible and of little or no value as a bank asset.

-23-

Index

MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 3 – LOANS (Continued)

As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the risk grade category of commercial loans by class of loans were as follows (dollars in thousands):

March 31, 2020		1		2		3		4		5		6		7		8	Total
Commercial and industrial	$	15,000	$	31,871	$	143,651	$	312,993	$	16,677	$	6,187	$	1,211	$	—	$	527,590
Commercial real estate:
Residential developed		—		—		252		12,543		—		—		—		—		12,795
Unsecured to residential developers		—		—		—		5,000		—		—		—		—		5,000
Vacant and unimproved		—		9,173		3,721		28,230		1,637		—		—		—		42,761
Commercial development		—		—		78		545		—		—		—		—		623
Residential improved		—		—		19,822		111,524		511		—		97		—		131,954
Commercial improved		—		7,300		63,132		203,377		4,594		350		5,812		—		284,565
Manufacturing & industrial		—		2,418		34,812		74,458		3,265		—		—		—		114,953
	$	15,000	$	50,762	$	265,468	$	748,670	$	26,684	$	6,537	$	7,120	$	—	$	1,120,241

December 31, 2019		1		2		3		4		5		6		7		8	Total
Commercial and industrial	$	15,000	$	11,768	$	158,851	$	290,267	$	17,664	$	6,022	$	—	$	—	$	499,572
Commercial real estate:
Residential developed		—		—		312		14,393		—		—		—		—		14,705
Unsecured to residential developers		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Vacant and unimproved		—		9,201		8,085		22,819		1,691		—		—		—		41,796
Commercial development		—		—		79		586		—		—		—		—		665
Residential improved		—		—		20,142		109,932		518		171		98		—		130,861
Commercial improved		—		6,893		67,915		213,790		3,847		354		—		—		292,799
Manufacturing & industrial		—		2,404		36,401		77,435		1,392		—		—		—		117,632
	$	15,000	$	30,266	$	291,785	$	729,222	$	25,112	$	6,547	$	98	$	—	$	1,098,030

Commercial loans rated a 6 or worse per the Company’s internal risk rating system are considered substandard, doubtful or loss. Commercial loans classified as substandard or worse were as follows at period-end (dollars in thousands):

	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Not classified as impaired	$	591	$	591
Classified as impaired		13,066		6,054
Total commercial loans classified substandard or worse	$	13,657	$	6,645

The Company considers the performance of the loan portfolio and its impact on the allowance for loan losses. For consumer loan classes, the Company also evaluates credit quality based on the aging status of the loan, which was previously presented, and by payment activity. The following table presents the recorded investment in consumer loans based on payment activity (dollars in thousands):

March 31, 2020	Residential Mortgage		Consumer Unsecured		Home Equity		Consumer Other
Performing	$	198,484	$	247	$	71,454	$	4,806
Nonperforming		101		—		8		—
Total	$	198,585	$	247	$	71,462	$	4,806

December 31, 2019	Residential Mortgage		Consumer Unsecured		Home Equity		Consumer Other
Performing	$	210,946	$	274	$	70,936	$	5,338
Nonperforming		103		—		—		—
Total	$	211,049	$	274	$	70,936	$	5,338

-24-

Index

MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 4 – OTHER REAL ESTATE OWNED

Other real estate owned was as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020			Year Ended December 31, 2019			Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Beginning balance	$	3,112		$	4,183		$	4,183
Additions, transfers from loans		—			—			—
Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned		(91	)		(589	)		(154	)
Valuation allowance reversal upon sale		—			(453	)		(77	)
Gain / (loss) on sales of other real estate owned		—			(29	)		45
		3,021			3,112			3,997
Less: valuation allowance		(395	)		(364	)		(736	)
Ending balance	$	2,626		$	2,748		$	3,261

Activity in the valuation allowance was as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020		Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Beginning balance	$	364	$	803
Additions charged to expense		31		10
Reversals upon sale		—		(77	)
Ending balance	$	395	$	736

NOTE 5 – FAIR VALUE

ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value include:

Level 1:

Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

Level 2:

Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3:

Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a reporting entity's own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

Investment Securities: The fair values of investment securities are determined by matrix pricing, which is a mathematical technique widely used in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific securities but rather by relying on the securities' relationship to other benchmark quoted securities (Level 2 inputs). The fair values of certain securities held to maturity are determined by computing discounted cash flows using observable and unobservable market inputs (Level 3 inputs).

Loans Held for Sale: The fair value of loans held for sale is based upon binding quotes from third party investors (Level 2 inputs).

Impaired Loans: Loans identified as impaired are measured using one of three methods: the loan’s observable market price, the fair value of collateral or the present value of expected future cash flows. For each period presented, no impaired loans were measured using the loan’s observable market price. If an impaired loan has had a chargeoff or if the fair value of the collateral is less than the recorded investment in the loan, we establish a specific reserve and report the loan as nonrecurring Level 3. The fair value of collateral of impaired loans is generally based on recent real estate appraisals. These appraisals may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments are usually significant and typically result in a Level 3 classification of the inputs for determining fair value.

-25-

Index

MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 5 – FAIR VALUE (Continued)

Other Real Estate Owned: Other real estate owned (OREO) properties are initially recorded at fair value, less estimated costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. Adjustments to OREO are measured at fair value, less costs to sell. Fair values are generally based on third party appraisals or realtor evaluations of the property. These appraisals and evaluations may utilize a single valuation approach or a combination of approaches including comparable sales and the income approach. Adjustments are routinely made in the appraisal process by the appraisers to adjust for differences between the comparable sales and income data available. Such adjustments are usually significant and typically result in a Level 3 classification. In cases where the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, less estimated costs to sell, an impairment loss is recognized through a valuation allowance, and the property is reported as nonrecurring Level 3.

Interest Rate Swaps: For interest rate swap agreements, we measure fair value utilizing pricing provided by a third-party pricing source that that uses market observable inputs, such as forecasted yield curves, and other unobservable inputs and accordingly, interest rate swap agreements are classified as Level 3.

Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below (in thousands):

	Fair			Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
	Value			(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
March 31, 2020
Available for sale securities
U.S. Treasury and federal agency securities	$	68,378		$	—	$	68,378	$	—
U.S. Agency MBS and CMOs		64,673			—		64,673		—
Tax-exempt state and municipal bonds		46,930			—		46,930		—
Taxable state and municipal bonds		56,071			—		56,071		—
Corporate bonds and other debt securities		7,316			—		7,316		—
Other equity securities		1,495			—		1,495		—
Loans held for sale		1,966			—		1,966		—
Interest rate swaps		4,295			—		—		4,295
Interest rate swaps		(4,295	)		—		—		(4,295	)

December 31, 2019
Available for sale securities
U.S. Treasury and federal agency securities	$	74,749		$	—	$	74,749	$	—
U.S. Agency MBS and CMOs		46,201			—		46,201		—
Tax-exempt state and municipal bonds		45,962			—		45,962		—
Taxable state and municipal bonds		52,022			—		52,022		—
Corporate bonds and other debt securities		6,315			—		6,315		—
Other equity securities		1,481			—		1,481		—
Loans held for sale		3,294			—		3,294		—
Interest rate swaps		1,830			—		—		1,830
Interest rate swaps		(1,830	)		—		—		(1,830	)

Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis are summarized below (in thousands):

	Fair		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
	Value		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
March 31, 2020
Impaired loans	$	11,617	$	—	$	—	$	11,617
Other real estate owned		283		—		—		283

December 31, 2019
Impaired loans	$	5,151	$	—	$	—	$	5,151
Other real estate owned		405		—		—		405

-26-

Index

MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 5 – FAIR VALUE (Continued)

Quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements measured on a non-recurring basis was as follows at period end (dollars in thousands):

	Asset Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Inputs	Range (%)
March 31, 2020
Impaired Loans	$	11,617	Sales comparison approach	Adjustment for differences between comparable sales	1.0 to 20.0
			Income approach	Capitalization rate	9.5 to 11.0
Other real estate owned		283	Sales comparison approach	Adjustment for differences between comparable sales	3.0 to 20.0
			Income approach	Capitalization rate	9.5 to 11.0

	Asset Fair Value		Valuation Technique	Unobservable Inputs	Range (%)
December 31, 2019
Impaired Loans	$	5,151	Sales comparison approach	Adjustment for differences between comparable sales	1.5 to 20.0
			Income approach	Capitalization rate	9.5 to 11.0
Other real estate owned		405	Sales comparison approach	Adjustment for differences between comparable sales	3.0 to 20.0
			Income approach	Capitalization rate	9.5 to 11.0

-27-

Index

MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 5 – FAIR VALUE (Continued)

The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of financial instruments, not previously presented, were as follows at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands):

	Level in	March 31, 2020						December 31, 2019
	Fair Value Hierarchy	Carrying Amount			Fair Value			Carrying Amount			Fair Value
Financial assets
Cash and due from banks	Level 1	$	25,861		$	25,861		$	31,942		$	31,942
Cash equivalents	Level 2		181,334			181,334			240,508			240,508
Securities held to maturity	Level 3		82,514			84,866			82,720			85,128
FHLB stock			11,558		NA				11,558		NA
Loans, net	Level 2		1,364,835			1,411,726			1,363,276			1,395,446
Bank owned life insurance	Level 3		42,411			42,411			42,156			42,156
Accrued interest receivable	Level 2		5,356			5,356			4,866			4,866
Financial liabilities
Deposits	Level 2		(1,705,380	)		(1,706,313	)		(1,753,294	)		(1,753,877	)
Other borrowed funds	Level 2		(70,000	)		(72,454	)		(60,000	)		(61,006	)
Long-term debt	Level 2		(20,619	)		(18,204	)		(20,619	)		(18,167	)
Accrued interest payable	Level 2		(475	)		(475	)		(518	)		(518	)
Off-balance sheet credit-related items
Loan commitments			—			—			—			—

The methods and assumptions used to estimate fair value are described as follows.

Carrying amount is the estimated fair value for cash and cash equivalents, bank owned life insurance, accrued interest receivable and payable, demand deposits, short-term borrowings and variable rate loans or deposits that reprice frequently and fully. Security fair values are determined by matrix pricing, which is a mathematical technique widely used in the industry to value debt securities as discussed above. For fixed rate loans, interest-bearing time deposits in other financial institutions, or deposits and for variable rate loans or deposits with infrequent repricing or repricing limits, fair value is based on discounted cash flows using current market rates applied to the estimated life and credit risk (including consideration of widening credit spreads). Fair value of debt is based on current rates for similar financing. It was not practicable to determine the fair value of FHLB stock due to restrictions placed on its transferability. The fair value of off-balance sheet credit-related items is not significant.

The estimated fair values of financial instruments disclosed above as follow the guidance in ASU 2016-01 which prescribes an “exit price” approach in estimating and disclosing fair value of financial instruments incorporating discounts for credit, liquidity and marketability factors.

NOTE 6 – DEPOSITS

Deposits are summarized as follows (dollars in thousands):

	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Noninterest-bearing demand	$	492,409	$	482,499
Interest bearing demand		430,541		479,341
Savings and money market accounts		637,573		639,329
Certificates of deposit		144,857		152,125
	$	1,705,380	$	1,753,294

Time deposits that exceed the FDIC insurance limit of $250,000 were approximately $33.8 million at March 31, 2020 and $37.7 million at December 31, 2019.

-28-

Index

MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 7 - OTHER BORROWED FUNDS

Other borrowed funds include advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank and borrowings from the Federal Reserve Bank.

Federal Home Loan Bank Advances

At period-end, advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank were as follows (dollars in thousands):

Principal Terms	Advance Amount		Range of Maturities	Weighted Average Interest Rate
March 31, 2020
Single maturity fixed rate advances	$	40,000	April 2021 to July 2024		2.51	%
Putable advances		30,000	November 2024 t0 February 2030		1.36	%
	$	70,000

Principal Terms	Advance Amount		Range of Maturities	Weighted Average Interest Rate
December 31, 2019
Single maturity fixed rate advances	$	40,000	April 2021 to July 2024		2.50	%
Putable advances		20,000	November 2024		1.81	%
	$	60,000

-29-

Index

MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 7 - OTHER BORROWED FUNDS (Continued)

Each advance is subject to a prepayment fee if paid prior to its maturity date. Fixed rate advances are payable at maturity. These advances were collateralized by residential and commercial real estate loans totaling $492.4 million and $498.1 million under a blanket lien arrangement at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

Scheduled repayments of FHLB advances as of March 31, 2020 were as follows (in thousands):

2020	$	—
2021		10,000
2022		—
2023		10,000
2024		40,000
Thereafter		10,000
	$	70,000

Federal Reserve Bank borrowings

The Company has a financing arrangement with the Federal Reserve Bank. There were no borrowings outstanding at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and the Company had approximately $13.7 million and $13.0 million in unused borrowing capacity based on commercial and mortgage loans pledged to the Federal Reserve Bank totaling $16.1 million and $15.2 million at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

NOTE 8 - EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE

A reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of basic and diluted earnings per common share for the three month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 are as follows (dollars in thousands, except per share data):

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020		Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Net income available to common shares	$	6,411	$	7,646
Weighted average shares outstanding, including participating stock awards - Basic		34,106,719		34,040,380
Dilutive potential common shares:
Stock options		—		—
Weighted average shares outstanding - Diluted		34,106,719		34,040,380
Basic earnings per common share	$	0.19	$	0.22
Diluted earnings per common share	$	0.19	$	0.22

There were no antidilutive shares of common stock in the three month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019.

-30-

Index

MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 9 - FEDERAL INCOME TAXES

Income tax expense was as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020			Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Current	$	1,700		$	1,469
Deferred		(271	)		245
	$	1,429		$	1,714

The difference between the financial statement tax expense and amount computed by applying the statutory federal tax rate to pretax income was reconciled as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020			Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Statutory rate		21	%		21	%
Statutory rate applied to income before taxes	$	1,646		$	1,966
Deduct
Tax-exempt interest income		(178	)		(167	)
Bank-owned life insurance		(51	)		(50	)
Other, net		12			(35	)
	$	1,429		$	1,714

The realization of deferred tax assets (net of a recorded valuation allowance) is largely dependent upon future taxable income, future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences and the ability to carryback losses to available tax years. In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, we consider positive and negative evidence, including taxable income in carry-back years, scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, expected future taxable income and tax planning strategies. At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, a valuation allowance of $92,000 was established for a capital loss carryforward related to the liquidation of assets of a partnership interest the Bank acquired through a loan settlement. Management believes it is more likely than not that all of the remaining deferred tax assets will be realized against deferred tax liabilities and projected future taxable income.

The net deferred tax asset recorded included the following amounts of deferred tax assets and liabilities (dollars in thousands):

	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Deferred tax assets
Allowance for loan losses	$	3,966		$	3,612
Nonaccrual loan interest		161			182
Valuation allowance on other real estate owned		83			76
Unrealized loss on securities available for sale		—			—
Other		271			248
Gross deferred tax assets		4,481			4,118
Valuation allowance		(92	)		(92	)
Total net deferred tax assets		4,389			4,026
Deferred tax liabilities
Depreciation		(1,141	)		(1,053	)
Prepaid expenses		(172	)		(172	)
Unrealized gain on securities available for sale		(1,028	)		(406	)
Other		(320	)		(317	)
Gross deferred tax liabilities		(2,661	)		(1,948	)
Net deferred tax asset	$	1,728		$	2,078

There were no unrecognized tax benefits at March 31, 2020 or December 31, 2019 and the Company does not expect the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits to significantly increase or decrease in the next twelve months. The Company is no longer subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service for years before 2016.

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Index

MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 10 – COMMITMENTS AND OFF BALANCE-SHEET RISK

Some financial instruments are used to meet customer financing needs and to reduce exposure to interest rate changes. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. These involve, to varying degrees, credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount reported in the financial statements.

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the commitment, and generally have fixed expiration dates. Collateral or other security is normally not obtained for these financial instruments prior to their use and many of the commitments are expected to expire without being used. Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments to guarantee a customer’s performance to a third party. Exposure to credit loss if the other party does not perform is represented by the contractual amount for commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit.

A summary of the contractual amounts of financial instruments with off‑balance‑sheet risk was as follows at period-end (dollars in thousands):

	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Commitments to make loans	$	84,028	$	65,648
Letters of credit		15,226		15,303
Unused lines of credit		492,793		502,200

The notional amount of commitments to fund mortgage loans to be sold into the secondary market was approximately $32.9 million and $11.0 million at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

At March 31, 2020, approximately 43.4% of the Bank’s commitments to make loans were at fixed rates, offered at current market rates. The remainder of the commitments to make loans were at variable rates tied to prime or one month LIBOR and generally expire within 30 days. The majority of the unused lines of credit were at variable rates tied to prime.

NOTE 11 – CONTINGENCIES

The Company and its subsidiaries periodically become defendants in certain claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. As of March 31, 2020, there were no material pending legal proceedings to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries are a party or which any of its properties are the subject.

NOTE 12 – SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY

Regulatory Capital

The Company and the Bank are subject to regulatory capital requirements administered by federal banking agencies. Capital adequacy guidelines and prompt corrective action regulations involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors, and the regulators can lower classifications in certain cases. Failure to meet various capital requirements can initiate regulatory action that could have a direct material effect on the financial statements.

The prompt corrective action regulations provide five categories, including well capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized, and critically undercapitalized, although these terms are not used to represent overall financial condition. If a bank is only adequately capitalized, regulatory approval is required to, among other things, accept, renew or roll-over brokered deposits. If a bank is undercapitalized, capital distributions and growth and expansion are limited, and plans for capital restoration are required.

In July 2013, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve Board and the FDIC approved the rules implementing the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision's capital guidelines for U.S. banks (commonly known as Basel III). The rules include a common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets ratio (CET1 ratio) of 4.5% and a capital conservation buffer of 2.5% of risk-weighted assets, which effectively results in a minimum CET1 ratio of 7.0%. The minimum ratio of Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets is 6.0% (which, with the capital conservation buffer, effectively results in a minimum Tier 1 capital ratio of 8.5%), which effectively results in a minimum total capital to risk-weighted assets ratio of 10.5% (with the capital conservation buffer), and requires a minimum leverage ratio of 4.0%.

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Index

MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 12 – SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (Continued)

At March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, actual capital levels and minimum required levels were (dollars in thousands):

						Minimum Capital					Minimum Capital Adequacy With					To Be Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective
	Actual					Adequacy					Capital Buffer					Action Regulations
	Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio
March 31, 2020
CET1 capital (to risk weighted assets)
Consolidated	$	219,714		13.4	%	$	73,610		4.5	%	$	114,504		7.0	%		N/A		N/A
Bank		232,775		14.2			73,604		4.5			114,496		7.0		$	106,318		6.5	%
Tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets)
Consolidated		239,714		14.7			98,146		6.0			139,041		8.5			N/A		N/A
Bank		232,775		14.2			98,139		6.0			139,031		8.5			130,852		8.0
Total capital (to risk weighted assets)
Consolidated		258,603		15.8			130,862		8.0			171,756		10.5			N/A		N/A
Bank		251,664		15.4			130,852		8.0			171,744		10.5			163,565		10.0
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)
Consolidated		239,714		11.9			80,568		4.0			N/A		N/A			N/A		N/A
Bank		232,775		11.6			80,537		4.0			N/A		N/A			100,671		5.0

December 31, 2019
CET1 capital (to risk weighted assets)
Consolidated	$	215,925		13.5	%	$	72,187		4.5	%	$	112,290		7.0	%		N/A		N/A
Bank		228,761		14.3			72,182		4.5			112,284		7.0		$	104,263		6.5	%
Tier 1 capital (to risk weighted assets)
Consolidated		235,925		14.7			96,249		6.0			136,353		8.5			N/A		N/A
Bank		228,761		14.3			96,243		6.0			136,344		8.5			128,324		8.0
Total capital (to risk weighted assets)
Consolidated		253,125		15.8			128,332		8.0			168,436		10.5			N/A		N/A
Bank		245,961		15.3			128,324		8.0			168,425		10.5			160,405		10.0
Tier 1 capital (to average assets)
Consolidated		235,925		11.5			82,130		4.0			N/A		N/A			N/A		N/A
Bank		228,761		11.2			82,070		4.0			N/A		N/A			102,587		5.0

Approximately $20.0 million of trust preferred securities outstanding at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, qualified as Tier 1 capital. Refer to our 2019 Form 10-K for more information on the trust preferred securities.

The Bank was categorized as "well capitalized" at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

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Index

Item 2.

MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Macatawa Bank Corporation is a Michigan corporation and a registered bank holding company. It wholly-owns Macatawa Bank, Macatawa Statutory Trust I and Macatawa Statutory Trust II. Macatawa Bank is a Michigan chartered bank with depository accounts insured by the FDIC. The Bank operates twenty-six branch offices and a lending and operational service facility, providing a full range of commercial and consumer banking and trust services in Kent County, Ottawa County, and northern Allegan County, Michigan. Macatawa Statutory Trusts I and II are grantor trusts and issued $20.0 million each of pooled trust preferred securities. The $20 million of trust preferred securities associated with Macatawa Statutory Trust I were redeemed in full and the trust dissolved as of December 31, 2019. Macatawa Statutory Trust II remains outstanding. This trust is not consolidated in our Consolidated Financial Statements. For further information regarding consolidation, see the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

At March 31, 2020, we had total assets of $2.03 billion, total loans of $1.40 billion, total deposits of $1.71 billion and shareholders' equity of $223.6 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, we recognized net income of $6.4 million compared to $7.6 million for the same period in 2019. The Bank was categorized as “well capitalized” under regulatory capital standards at March 31, 2020.

We paid a dividend of $0.07 per share in each quarter of 2019 and $0.08 per share in the first quarter of 2020.

In December 2019, news began to surface regarding an influenza pandemic in China, known as the novel coronavirus, or COVID-19. In January 2020, the United States restricted entry to anyone traveling from China. In February 2020, the pandemic spread broadly and swiftly throughout Europe and the Middle East, particularly in Italy and Iran. Cases began to surface in the United States in February 2020 and accelerated in early March 2020. The Federal Reserve reduced the overnight federal funds rate by 50 basis points on March 3, 2020 and by another 100 basis points on March 15, 2020 and announced the resumption of quantitative easing. During the week of March 9, 2020, individual states began implementing restrictions and promoting “social distancing”. These restrictions included closure of schools, restrictions on the number of public gatherings, encouragement of work at home arrangements and other measures. In Michigan, Governor Gretchen Whitmer issued a “stay home, stay safe” executive order effective March 24, 2020, which required residents to remain at home "to the maximum extent feasible" and prohibited in-person work that "is not necessary to sustain or protect life." Pursuant to the order, no person or entity was permitted to operate a business that required workers to leave their homes except to the extent that those workers were necessary (i) to conduct minimum basic operations or (ii) to sustain or protect life. On April 9, 2020, the Governor issued a revised executive order, which is effective through April 30, 2020. This revised executive order further limits travel, provides guidance regarding the definition of critical infrastructure workers, places additional requirements on businesses remaining open including limiting goods that can be sold by retailers and implementing social distancing practices, and incorporates guidance issued under the earlier order. It is possible that the Governor will issue one or more additional executive orders extending the existing orders or imposing additional restrictions on the activities of individuals or businesses. Congress passed a number of measures in late March 2020, designed to infuse cash into the economy to offset the negative impacts of business closings and restrictions.

On March 22, 2020, the federal banking agencies issued an “Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions Working with Customers Affected by the Coronavirus”. This guidance encourages financial institutions to work prudently with borrowers that may be unable to meet their contractual obligations because of the effects of COVID-19. The guidance goes on to explain that in consultation with the FASB staff that the federal banking agencies conclude that short-term modifications (e.g. six months) made on a good faith basis to borrowers who were current as of the implementation date of a relief program are not Troubled Debt Restructurings (“TDRs”). The Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act was passed by Congress on March 27, 2020. Section 4013 of the CARES Act also addressed COVID-19 related modifications and specified that COVID-19 related modifications on loans that were current as of December 31, 2019 are not TDRs. The Bank applied this guidance to modifications it executed on loans following the COVID-19 outbreak. Through March 31, 2020, the Bank had modified 179 individual loans with aggregate principal balances totaling $88.0 million following this guidance. The majority of these modifications involved extensions of interest-only periods of three months.

The CARES Act included an allocation of $349 billion for loans to be issued by financial institutions through the Small Business Administration (“SBA”). This program is known as the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”). PPP loans are forgivable, in whole or in part, if the proceeds are used for payroll and other permitted purposes in accordance with the requirements of the PPP. These loans carry a fixed rate of 1.00% and a term of two years, if not forgiven, in whole or in part. Payments are deferred for the first six months of the loan. The loans are 100% guaranteed by the SBA. The SBA pays the originating bank a processing fee ranging from 1% to 5%, based on the size of the loan. The SBA began accepting submissions for these PPP loans on Friday, April 3, 2020. In the first weekend, we originated over $100 million of these PPP loans and through April 16, 2020, the date the SBA reached the limit of funds available to disburse under this program, we had received SBA authorizations for PPP loans totaling $311.6 million. Participation in the PPP will likely have a significant impact on our asset mix and net interest margin for the remainder of 2020. At March 31, 2020, we had $181.3 million in federal funds sold and $359.4 million of available borrowing capacity from our correspondent banks. In addition, the Federal Reserve has implemented a liquidity facility available to financial institutions participating in the PPP. As such, we believe we have sufficient liquidity sources to fund all pending PPP loans and to continue to provide this important service to local businesses if additional funds are appropriated for the PPP.

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The COVID-19 pandemic is a highly unusual, unprecedented and evolving public health and economic crisis and may have a negative material impact on our financial condition and results of operations. We are in an asset-sensitive position, so decreases in short-term interest rates have a net negative impact on our net interest income as our interest-earning assets will reprice faster than our interest-bearing liabilities. Given our asset-sensitivity, several years ago we established floors on our variable rate loans to help offset the negative impact of declining interest rates on net interest income. The benefit of these floors will become more evident in future quarters if the Federal Reserve maintains short-term interest rates at the low level established in March 2020. Additionally, the negative consequences of the unprecedented economic shutdown nationally and in Michigan is likely to result in a higher level of delinquencies and loan losses and require additional provisions for loan losses, which will have a negative impact on our results of operations. Our PPP loan origination activity should provide some offsetting positive impact to second and third quarter 2020 earnings, considering interest income on the loans and the processing fees paid by the SBA. The processing fees, alone, on the PPP loans originated through April 16, 2020 amount to $8.6 million, and we expect will mostly be recognized in 2020. While the effects of COVID-19 are likely to have a far-reaching, long-lasting effect on the global, national, and Michigan economies, we believe we have sufficient capital and financial strength, as well as liquidity resources to mitigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operations and financial condition, while continuing to serve our communities and protect shareholder value.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Summary: Net income for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was $6.4 million, compared to $7.6 million for the same period in 2019. Net income per share on a diluted basis for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was $0.19 compared to $0.22 for the same period in 2019.

The decrease in earnings in the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019 was due primarily to higher provision for loan losses and lower net interest income. Net interest income decreased to $15.3 million in the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $16.0 million in the same period in 2019. The provision for loan losses was $700,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to a negative $250,000 for the same period in 2019, and was impacted by increased qualitative factors applied to address the increased risk of loss from the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. We were in a net loan recovery position for the three months ended March 31, 2020, with $989,000 in net loan recoveries, compared to $266,000 in net loan recoveries in the same period in 2019. Each of these items is discussed more fully below.

Net Interest Income: Net interest income totaled $15.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $16.0 million for the same period in 2019.

Net interest income was positively impacted in the three months ended March 31, 2020 by an increase in average earning assets of $63.3 million compared to the same period in 2019. However, our average yield on earning assets for the three months ended March 31, 2020 decreased 53 basis points compared to the same period in 2019 from 4.24% to 3.71%, fully offsetting the effect of the growth in earning assets.

Net interest income for the first quarter of 2020 decreased $717,000 compared to the same period in 2019. Of this decrease, $3.5 million was due to decreases in rates earned or paid, partially offset by $2.8 million from increases in the volume of average interest assets and interest bearing liabilities. The largest changes came in commercial loan interest income which decreased by $1.1 million in the first quarter of 2020. Of the $1.1 million decrease in interest income on commercial loans, $3.0 million was due to decreases in rates earned, partially offset by the increase of $1.9 million in in average balances between periods. Net interest income in the first quarter of 2020 also benefitted from prepayment fees and interest recovery of $65,000 collected on two commercial loans.

Average interest earning assets totaled $1.90 billion for three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to $1.83 billion for the same period in 2019. An increase of $57.5 million in average federal funds sold and other short-term investments were the primary components of the increase. The net interest margin was 3.25% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to 3.54% for the same period in 2019. Yield on commercial loans decreased from 4.89% for three months ended March 31, 2019 to 4.32% for the same period in 2020. Yield on residential mortgage loans increased from 3.69% for the three months ended March 31, 2019 to 3.71% for the same period in 2020, while yields on consumer loans decreased from 5.27% for the first quarter of 2019 to 4.79% for the first quarter of 2020. The decreases in yields on commercial loans and consumer loans were the result of the predominance of loans in these categories with variable rates of interest tied to prime and LIBOR which decreased significantly from 2019 to 2020.

The Federal Reserve Board decreased the target federal funds rate by 50 basis points in the third quarter of 2019 and by 25 basis points in the fourth quarter of 2019 as the economy showed signs of slowing. In response to the news and government action related to COVID-19, the Federal Reserve Board decreased the target federal funds rate by 150 basis points in March 2020. As the Company is in an asset-sensitive position, reductions in market interest rates have a negative impact on margin as the Company’s interest earning assets reprice faster than its interest-bearing liabilities. Much of our asset-sensitivity is due to commercial and consumer loans that have variable interest rates. For both loan types we established floor rates several years ago. These floors provide protection to net interest income when short-term interest rates decline. Our variable rate commercial and consumer loans tied to the prime rate or one-month LIBOR amounted to $631.8 million at March 31, 2020. Of this total, approximately 78%, or $493 million have interest rate floors.

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Index

The cost of funds decreased to 0.66% in the first quarter of 2020 compared to 1.00% in the first quarter of 2019. Decreases in the rates paid on our interest-bearing checking, savings and money market accounts in response to the federal funds rate decreases over the past year caused the decrease in our cost of funds. Also, our redemption of $20.0 million of trust preferred securities on December 31, 2019 reduced our cost of funds as we incurred no interest expense on those redeemed trust preferred securities in the first quarter of 2020.

The following table shows an analysis of net interest margin for the three month periods ended March 31, 2020 and 2019 (dollars in thousands):

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2020								2019
	Average Balance			Interest Earned or Paid		Average Yield or Cost			Average Balance			Interest Earned or Paid		Average Yield or Cost
Assets
Taxable securities	$	191,531		$	1,061		2.22	%	$	183,487		$	996		2.17	%
Tax-exempt securities (1)		127,972			882		3.54			116,094			839		3.72
Commercial loans (2)		1,103,320			12,036		4.32			1,077,500			13,169		4.89
Residential mortgage loans		205,782			1,908		3.71			238,558			2,197		3.69
Consumer loans		76,195			907		4.79			83,348			1,084		5.27
Federal Home Loan Bank stock		11,558			124		4.24			11,558			160		5.55
Federal funds sold and other short-term investments		180,878			576		1.26			123,379			744		2.41
Total interest earning assets (1)		1,897,236			17,494		3.71			1,833,924			19,189		4.24
Noninterest earning assets:
Cash and due from banks		29,142								28,833
Other		91,445								85,544
Total assets	$	2,017,823							$	1,948,301
Liabilities
Deposits:
Interest bearing demand	$	434,910		$	190		0.18	%	$	422,109		$	406		0.39	%
Savings and money market accounts		651,035			714		0.44			622,829			1,225		0.80
Time deposits		153,561			699		1.83			137,717			625		1.84
Borrowings:
Other borrowed funds		63,736			349		2.17			59,779			327		2.19
Long-term debt		20,619			239		4.59			41,238			586		5.68
Total interest bearing liabilities		1,323,861			2,191		0.66			1,283,672			3,169		1.00
Noninterest bearing liabilities:
Noninterest bearing demand accounts		462,489								463,613
Other noninterest bearing liabilities		10,935								7,553
Shareholders' equity		220,538								193,463
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity	$	2,017,823							$	1,948,301
Net interest income				$	15,303							$	16,020
Net interest spread (1)							3.05	%							3.24	%
Net interest margin (1)							3.25	%							3.54	%
Ratio of average interest earning assets to average interest bearing liabilities		143.31	%							142.87	%

(1)	Yields are presented on a tax equivalent basis using a 21% at March 31, 2020 and 2019.

(2)	Includes loan fees of $178,000 and $350,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Includes average nonaccrual loans of approximately $2,546,000 and $757,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

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Index

The following table presents the dollar amount of changes in net interest income due to changes in volume and rate:

	For the three months ended March 31, 2020 vs 2019 Increase (Decrease) Due to
	Volume			Rate			Total
(Dollars in thousands)
Interest income
Taxable securities	$	44		$	21		$	65
Tax-exempt securities		304			(261	)		43
Commercial loans		1,857			(2,990	)		(1,133	)
Residential mortgage loans		(389	)		100			(289	)
Consumer loans		(89	)		(88	)		(177	)
Federal Home Loan Bank stock		—			(36	)		(36	)
Federal funds sold and other short-term investments		1,312			(1,480	)		(168	)
Total interest income		3,039			(4,734	)		(1,695	)
Interest expense
Interest bearing demand	$	82		$	(298	)	$	(216	)
Savings and money market accounts		355			(866	)		(511	)
Time deposits		72			2			74
Other borrowed funds		22			—			22
Long-term debt		(254	)		(93	)		(347	)
Total interest expense		277			(1,255	)		(978	)
Net interest income	$	2,762		$	(3,479	)	$	(717	)

Provision for Loan Losses: The provision for loan losses for the three months ended March 31, 2020 was $700,000 compared to a negative $250,000 for the same period in 2019. Positively impacting the provisions for loan losses for each period were the continued stabilization of real estate values on problem credits and asset quality metrics, and net loan recoveries of $989,000 in the three months ended March 31, 2020 and $266,000 in the same period in 2019. Negatively impacting the provision for loan losses for the first quarter of 2020 was the estimated impact of COVID-19, which impact will be far-reaching and take time to be fully realized. We have been actively working with our borrowers at risk who are impacted by the stay-at-home orders issued by the Governor of the State of Michigan on March 23, 2020 and April 9, 2020, respectively. These actions include short-term extensions and acceptance of interest-only payments on a short-term basis. Many of our customers have been applying for and receiving PPP loans as well. We believe these measures will partially mitigate the impact of these stay-at-home orders, but it is likely that we will experience increased delinquencies and loan losses as a result of the economic fallout from COVID-19.

Gross loan recoveries were $1,028,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and $423,000 for the same period in 2019. In the three months ended March 31, 2020, we had $39,000 in charge-offs, compared to $157,000 in the same period in 2019. We continue to experience positive results from our collection efforts as evidenced by our net loan recoveries. While we expect our collection efforts to produce further recoveries, they may not continue at the same level we have experienced the past several quarters.

The amounts of loan loss provision in both the most recent quarter and comparable prior year period were the result of establishing our allowance for loan losses at levels believed necessary based upon our methodology for determining the adequacy of the allowance. The sustained level of quarterly net recoveries over the past several quarters had a significant effect on the historical loss component of our methodology. More information about our allowance for loan losses and our methodology for establishing its level may be found under the heading "Allowance for Loan Losses" below.

Noninterest Income: Noninterest income for the three month periods ended March 31, 2020 was $5.0 million compared to $4.3 million for the same period in 2019. The components of noninterest income are shown in the table below (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020		Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Service charges and fees on deposit accounts	$	1,110	$	1,050
Net gains on mortgage loans		650		211
Trust fees		935		890
Gain as sales of securities		—		—
ATM and debit card fees		1,337		1,326
Bank owned life insurance (“BOLI”) income		242		236
Investment services fees		424		295
Other income		261		320
Total noninterest income	$	4,959	$	4,328

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Index

Net gains on mortgage loans were up $439,000 in the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to same period in 2019 as a result of an increase in the volume of loans originated for sale and a decrease in market interest rates. Mortgage loans originated for sale in the three months ended March 31, 2020 were $29.4 million, compared to $6.9 million in the same period in 2019. Mortgage loans originated for portfolio in the three months ended March 31, 2020 were $4.6 million, compared to $6.2 million in the same period in 2019. Investment services fees were up in the first three months of 2020 due to success in growing the number of investment services customer relationships we have and favorable investment market value changes. ATM and debit card fees were up in the three months ended March 31, 2020 due to higher volume of usage by our customers.

Noninterest Expense: Noninterest expense increased to $11.7 million for the three month period ended March 31, 2020, from $11.2 million for the same period in 2019. The components of noninterest expense are shown in the table below (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020		Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Salaries and benefits	$	6,691	$	6,244
Occupancy of premises		1,009		1,093
Furniture and equipment		855		844
Legal and professional		291		230
Marketing and promotion		238		228
Data processing		760		730
FDIC assessment		—		120
Interchange and other card expense		347		345
Bond and D&O insurance		105		104
Net (gains) losses on repossessed and foreclosed properties		31		(35	)
Administration and disposition of problem assets		30		88
Outside services		453		452
Other noninterest expense		912		795
Total noninterest expense	$	11,722	$	11,238

Most categories of noninterest expense were relatively unchanged compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019 due to our ongoing efforts to manage expenses and scale our operations. Our largest component of noninterest expense, salaries and benefits, increased by $447,000 in the three months ended March 31, 2020 from same period in 2019. This increase was partially due to a higher level of variable based compensation which was up $109,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019 due in part to higher mortgage production. The remainder of the increase was primarily due to annual merit increases, which typically happen early in the second quarter.

Occupancy expenses were down $84,000 in the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019 due to lower maintenance costs associated with our branch facilities. These maintenance costs were down $79,000 primarily due to lower costs incurred for snow removal.

Our FDIC assessment costs decreased by $120,000 in the first quarter of 2020 compared to the same period in 2019 due primarily to no assessment being due in the first quarter of 2020. In January 2019, the FDIC notified us that the Bank would receive an assessment credit of approximately $438,000 to offset future assessment as the FDIC Deposit Insurance Fund had exceeded its target ratio of 1.35%. Assessment credits totaling $266,000 were applied in the third and fourth quarters of 2019 and $136,000 was applied in the first quarter of 2020, leaving approximately $36,000 in credits to be applied to future assessments. Future expense may be reduced by these remaining assessment credits depending on the level of the Deposit Insurance Fund.

While costs associated with administration and disposition of problem assets have increased slightly in the first quarter of 2020 versus the same quarter of the prior year, they have decreased significantly over the past several years and remain at negligible levels. These expenses include legal costs and repossessed and foreclosed property administration expense. Repossessed and foreclosed property administration expense includes survey and appraisal, property maintenance and management and other disposition and carrying costs. Net (gains) losses on repossessed and foreclosed properties include both net gains and losses on the sale of properties and unrealized losses from value declines for outstanding properties. The net of these two line items increased slightly from the first quarter of 2019 to the first quarter of 2020, primarily due to writedowns in valuation of properties in the first three months of 2020.

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These costs are itemized in the following table (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020		Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Legal and professional – nonperforming assets	$	15	$	43
Repossessed and foreclosed property administration		15		45
Net (gains) losses on repossessed and foreclosed properties		31		(35	)
Total	$	61	$	53

As the level of problem loans and assets has declined over the past several years, the costs associated with these nonperforming assets have decreased significantly. Other real estate owned decreased from $3.3 million at March 31, 2019 to $2.6 million at March 31, 2020.

Net (gains) losses on repossessed assets and foreclosed properties for the three month period ended March 31, 2020 increased by $66,000 compared to the same period in 2019. In the three month period ended March 31, 2020, valuation writedowns totaled $31,000 compared to valuation writedowns of $10,000 for the same period in 2019. In the three month period ended March 31, 2020, net realized gains totaled $0, compared to net realized losses of $45,000 for the same period in 2019.

Other noninterest expense increased by $117,000 in the first three months of 2020 compared to the same period in 2019. The first three months of 2020 included an expense of $156,000 related to a correction to one of our trust accounts.

Federal Income Tax Expense: We recorded $1.4 million in federal income tax expense for the three month period ended March 31, 2020 compared to $1.7 million in the same period in 2019. Our effective tax rate for the three period ended March 31, 2020 was 18.23% compared to 18.31% for the same period in 2019.

FINANCIAL CONDITION

Total assets were $2.03 billion at March 31, 2020, a decrease of $37.7 million from $2.07 billion at December 31, 2019. This change reflected decreases of $65.3 million in cash and cash equivalents, and $1.3 million in loans held for sale, offset by increases of $18.1 million in securities available for sale, $9.7 million in our loan portfolio and $2.8 million in other assets. Total deposits decreased by $47.9 million at March 31, 2020 compared to December 31, 2019.

Cash and Cash Equivalents: Our cash and cash equivalents, which include federal funds sold and short-term investments, were $207.2 million at March 31, 2020 compared to $272.5 million at December 31, 2019. The decrease in these balances related primarily to the decrease in total deposits.

Securities: Debt securities available for sale were $243.4 million at March 31, 2020 compared to $225.2 million at December 31, 2019. The balance at March 31, 2020 primarily consisted of U.S. agency securities, agency mortgage backed securities and various municipal investments. Our held to maturity portfolio was $82.7 million at December 31, 2019 and $82.5 million at March 31, 2020. Our held to maturity portfolio is comprised of state, municipal and privately placed commercial bonds.

Portfolio Loans and Asset Quality: Total portfolio loans increased by $9.7 million in the first three months of 2020 and were $1.40 billion at March 31, 2020 compared to $1.39 billion at December 31, 2019. During the first three months of 2020, our commercial portfolio increased by $22.2 million, while our consumer portfolio was unchanged and our residential mortgage portfolio decreased by $12.5 million.

Mortgage loans originated for portfolio are typically loans that conform to secondary market requirements and have a term of fifteen years or less. Mortgage loans originated for portfolio in the first three months of 2020 decreased $1.6 million compared to the same period in 2019, from $6.2 million in the first three months of 2019 to $4.6 million in the same period in 2020.

Due primarily to re-financings associated with a lower rate environment, the volume of residential mortgage loans originated for sale in the first three months of 2020 increased $22.5 million compared to the same period in 2019. Residential mortgage loans originated for sale were $29.4 million in the first three months of 2020 compared to $6.9 million in the first three months of 2019.

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The following table shows our loan origination activity for loans to be held in portfolio during the first three months of 2020 and 2019, broken out by loan type and also shows average originated loan size (dollars in thousands):

	Three months ended March 31, 2020							Three months ended March 31, 2019
	Portfolio Originations		Percent of Total Originations			Average Loan Size		Portfolio Originations		Percent of Total Originations			Average Loan Size
Commercial real estate:
Residential developed	$	126		0.0	%	$	42	$	849		1.1	%	$	283
Unsecured to residential developers		—		—			—		—		—			—
Vacant and unimproved		2,978		3.0			1,489		1,952		2.5			651
Commercial development		—		—			—		—		—			—
Residential improved		16,942		16.6			385		9,913		12.7			310
Commercial improved		8,476		8.3			848		17,986		23.0			1,285
Manufacturing and industrial		4,544		4.5			303		7,949		10.1			1,590
Total commercial real estate		33,066		32.4			517		38,649		49.4			678
Commercial and industrial		54,144		53.1			918		24,446		31.3			461
Total commercial		87,210		85.5			709		63,095		80.7			574
Consumer
Residential mortgage		4,577		4.5			254		6,235		8.0			231
Unsecured		—		—			—		—		—			—
Home equity		9,890		9.7			103		8,399		10.7			122
Other secured		299		0.3			15		501		0.6			23
Total consumer		14,766		14.5			110		15,135		19.3			128
Total loans	$	101,976		100.0	%		397	$	78,230		100.0	%		343

The following table shows a breakout of our commercial loan activity during the first three months of 2020 and 2019 (dollars in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020			Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Commercial loans originated	$	87,210		$	63,095
Repayments of commercial loans		(100,351	)		(59,123	)
Change in undistributed - available credit		(9,070	)		(19,337	)
Net decrease in total commercial loans	$	(22,211	)	$	(15,365	)

Overall, the commercial loan portfolio increased $22.2 million in the first three months of 2020 compared to the same period in 2019. Our commercial and industrial portfolio increased by $28.0 million while our commercial real estate loans decreased by $5.8 million in the first three months of 2020 compared to the same period in 2019. Our production of commercial loans increased by $24.1 million from $63.1 million in the first three months of 2019 to $87.2 million in the same period of 2020.

Commercial and commercial real estate loans remained our largest loan segment and accounted for approximately 80.3% and 79.2% of the total loan portfolio at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Residential mortgage and consumer loans comprised approximately 19.7% of total loans at March 31, 2020 and 20.8% at December 31, 2019.

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A further breakdown of the composition of the loan portfolio is shown in the table below (in thousands):

	March 31, 2020					December 31, 2019
	Balance		Percent of Total Loans			Balance		Percent of Total Loans
Commercial real estate: (1)
Residential developed	$	12,795		0.9	%	$	14,705		1.1	%
Unsecured to residential developers		5,000		0.4			—		—
Vacant and unimproved		42,761		3.1			41,796		3.0
Commercial development		623		—			665		0.1
Residential improved		131,954		9.5			130,861		9.4
Commercial improved		284,565		20.4			292,799		21.1
Manufacturing and industrial		114,953		8.2			117,632		8.5
Total commercial real estate		592,651		42.5			598,458		43.2
Commercial and industrial		527,590		37.8			499,572		36.0
Total commercial		1,120,241		80.3			1,098,030		79.2
Consumer
Residential mortgage		198,585		14.2			211,049		15.3
Unsecured		247		—			274		—
Home equity		71,462		5.1			70,936		5.1
Other secured		4,806		0.4			5,338		0.4
Total consumer		275,100		19.7			287,597		20.8
Total loans	$	1,395,341		100.0	%	$	1,385,627		100.0	%

(1)	Includes both owner occupied and non-owner occupied commercial real estate.

Commercial real estate loans accounted for 42.5% and 43.2% of the total loan portfolio at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, and consisted primarily of loans to business owners and developers of owner and non-owner occupied commercial properties and loans to developers of single and multi-family residential properties. In the table above, we show our commercial real estate portfolio by loans secured by residential and commercial real estate, and by stage of development. Improved loans are generally secured by properties that are under construction or completed and placed in use. Development loans are secured by properties that are in the process of development or fully developed. Vacant and unimproved loans are secured by raw land for which development has not yet begun and agricultural land.

Our consumer residential mortgage loan portfolio, which also includes residential construction loans made to individual homeowners, comprised 14.2% of portfolio loans at March 31, 2020 and 15.3% at December 31, 2019. We expect to continue to retain in our loan portfolio certain types of residential mortgage loans (primarily high quality, low loan-to-value loans) in an effort to continue to diversify our credit risk and deploy our excess liquidity.

The volume of residential mortgage loans originated for sale during the first three months of 2020 increased from the first three months of 2019 as a result of interest rate conditions. The decrease in market interest rates so far in 2020 has caused an increase in refinancing of long-term fixed rate mortgages which we sell into the secondary market.

Our portfolio of other consumer loans includes loans secured by personal property and home equity fixed term and line of credit loans. Consumer loans were $76.5 million at March 31, 2020 and $76.5 million at December 31, 2019. Consumer loans comprised 5.5% of our portfolio loans at March 31, 2020 and 5.5% at December 31, 2019.

Our loan portfolio is reviewed regularly by our senior management, our loan officers, and an internal loan review team that is independent of our loan originators and credit administration. An administrative loan committee consisting of senior management and seasoned lending and collections personnel meets quarterly to manage our internal watch list and proactively manage high risk loans.

When reasonable doubt exists concerning collectability of interest or principal of one of our loans, the loan is placed in nonaccrual status. Any interest previously accrued but not collected is reversed and charged against current earnings.

Nonperforming assets are comprised of nonperforming loans, foreclosed assets and repossessed assets. At March 31, 2020, nonperforming assets totaled $9.9 million compared to $3.0 million at December 31, 2019. There were no additions to other real estate owned in the first three months of 2020 or in the first three months of 2019. At March 31, 2020, there was just one loan in redemption following foreclosure, so we expect there to be few additions to other real estate owned in 2020. Proceeds from sales of foreclosed properties were $91,000 in the first three months of 2020, resulting in net realized gain on sales of $0. Proceeds from sales of foreclosed properties were $154,000 in the first three months of 2019 resulting in net realized gain on sales of $45,000.

Nonperforming loans include loans on nonaccrual status and loans delinquent more than 90 days but still accruing. As of March 31, 2020, nonperforming loans $7.2 million, or 0.52% of total portfolio loans, compared to $203,000, or 0.01% of total portfolio loans, at December 31, 2019. The increase of $7.0 million in the first three months of 2020 was due to a downgrade of one commercial loan relationship to nonaccrual status.

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Nonperforming loans at March 31, 2020 consisted of $1.2 million of commercial and industrial loans, $5.9 million of commercial real estate loans and $111,000 of consumer and residential mortgage loans.

Foreclosed and repossessed assets include assets acquired in settlement of loans. Foreclosed assets totaled $2.6 million at March 31, 2020 and $2.7 million at December 31, 2019. The entire balance at March 31, 2020 was comprised of six commercial real estate properties. All properties acquired through or in lieu of foreclosure are initially transferred at their fair value less estimated costs to sell and then evaluated monthly for impairment after transfer using a lower of cost or market approach. Updated property valuations are obtained at least annually on all foreclosed assets.

At March 31, 2020, our foreclosed asset portfolio had a weighted average age held in portfolio of 8.09 years. Below is a breakout of our foreclosed asset portfolio at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 by property type and the percentages the property has been written down since taken into our possession and the combined writedown percentage, including losses taken when the property was loan collateral (dollars in thousands):

	March 31, 2020								December 31, 2019
Foreclosed Asset Property Type	Carrying Value		Foreclosed Asset Writedown			Combined Writedown (Loan and Foreclosed Asset)			Carrying Value		Foreclosed Asset Writedown			Combined Writedown (Loan and Foreclosed Asset)
Single Family		—		—	%		—	%		—		—	%		—	%
Residential Lot		—		—			—			—		—			—
Multi-Family		—		—			—			—		—			—
Vacant Land		67		72.0			78.2			79		66.6			74.1
Residential Development		216		50.9			77.5			326		38.7			69.1
Commercial Office		—		—			—			—		—			—
Commercial Industrial		—		—			—			—		—			—
Commercial Improved		2,343		—			—			2,343		—			—
	$	2,626		13.1			27.3		$	2,748		11.7			25.8

The following table shows the composition and amount of our nonperforming assets (dollars in thousands):

	March 31, 2020			December 31, 2019
Nonaccrual loans	$	7,230		$	203
Loans 90 days or more delinquent and still accruing		—			—
Total nonperforming loans (NPLs)		7,230			203
Foreclosed assets		2,626			2,748
Repossessed assets		—			—
Total nonperforming assets (NPAs)	$	9,856		$	2,951
NPLs to total loans		0.52	%		0.01	%
NPAs to total assets		0.49	%		0.14	%

The following table shows the composition and amount of our troubled debt restructurings (TDRs) at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (dollars in thousands):

	March 31, 2020						December 31, 2019
	Commercial		Consumer		Total		Commercial		Consumer		Total
Performing TDRs	$	8,400	$	4,812	$	13,212	$	8,469	$	5,140	$	13,609
Nonperforming TDRs (1)		97		8		105		98		—		98
Total TDRs	$	8,497	$	4,820	$	13,317	$	8,567	$	5,140	$	13,707

(1)	Included in nonperforming asset table above

We had a total of $13.3 million and $13.7 million of loans whose terms have been modified in TDRs as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. These loans may have involved the restructuring of terms to allow customers to mitigate the risk of foreclosure by meeting a lower loan payment requirement based upon their current cash flow. These may also include loans that renewed at existing contractual rates, but below market rates for comparable credit. For each restructuring, a comprehensive credit underwriting analysis of the borrower’s financial condition and prospects of repayment under the revised terms is performed to assess whether the structure can be successful and whether cash flows will be sufficient to support the restructured debt. An analysis is also performed to determine whether the restructured loan should be on accrual status. Generally, if the loan is on accrual at the time of restructure, it will remain on accrual after the restructuring. In some cases, a nonaccrual loan may be placed on accrual at restructuring if the loan’s actual payment history demonstrates it would have cash flowed under the restructured terms. After six consecutive payments under the restructured terms, a nonaccrual restructured loan is reviewed for possible upgrade to accruing status. In situations where there is a subsequent modification or renewal and the loan is brought to market terms, including a contractual interest rate not less than a market interest rate for new debt with similar credit risk characteristics, the TDR and impaired designations may be removed. Total TDRs decreased by $390,000 from December 31, 2019 to March 31, 2020 due to payoffs and paydowns on existing TDRs. One new TDR was added during the quarter. There were 87 loans identified as TDRs at March 31, 2020 compared to 91 loans at December 31, 2019.

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Allowance for loan losses: The allowance for loan losses at March 31, 2020 was $18.9 million, an increase of $1.7 million from December 31, 2019. The allowance for loan losses represented 1.35% of total portfolio loans at March 31, 2020 and 1.24% at December 31, 2019. The allowance for loan losses to nonperforming loan coverage ratio decreased from 8473% at December 31, 2019 to 261% at March 31, 2020.

The table below shows the changes in certain credit metrics over the past five quarters:

(Dollars in millions)	Quarter Ended March 31, 2020			Quarter Ended December 31, 2019			Quarter Ended September 30, 2019			Quarter Ended June 30, 2019			Quarter Ended March 31, 2019
Commercial loans	$	1,120.2		$	1,098.0		$	1,072.5		$	1,030.6		$	1,066.7
Nonperforming loans		7.2			0.2			0.2			0.3			0.4
Other real estate owned and repo assets		2.6			2.7			3.1			3.1			3.3
Total nonperforming assets		9.9			3.0			3.3			3.4			3.7
Net charge-offs (recoveries)		(1.0	)		(0.8	)		(0.3	)		(0.2	)		(0.3	)
Total delinquencies		0.5			0.4			0.2			0.4			0.7

At March 31, 2020, we have had net loan recoveries in twenty of the past twenty-one quarters. Our total delinquencies have continued to be negligible and were $513,000 at March 31, 2020 and $405,000 at December 31, 2019. Our delinquency percentage at March 31, 2020 was only 0.04%.

These factors all impact our necessary level of allowance for loan losses and our provision for loan losses. The allowance for loan losses increased $1.7 million in the first three months of 2020. We recorded a provision for loan losses of $700,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to a negative $250,000 for the same period of 2019. Net loan recoveries were $989,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to net recoveries of $266,000 for the same period in 2019. The ratio of net recoveries to average loans was -0.29% on an annualized basis for the first three months of 2020, compared to -0.08% for the first three months of 2019.

We are pleased with the low level of gross charge-offs over recent quarters. We do, however, recognize that future charge-offs and resulting provisions for loan losses are expected to be impacted by the timing and extent of changes in the overall economy and the real estate markets.

Our allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level believed appropriate based upon our assessment of the probable estimated losses inherent in the loan portfolio. Our methodology for measuring the appropriate level of allowance and related provision for loan losses relies on several key elements, which include specific allowances for loans considered impaired, general allowance for commercial loans not considered impaired based upon applying our loan rating system, and general allocations based on historical trends for homogeneous loan groups with similar risk characteristics.

Overall, impaired loans increased by $6.4 million to $20.3 million at March 31, 2020 compared to $13.9 million at December 31, 2019. The specific allowance for impaired loans increased $491,000 to $2.1 million at March 31, 2020, compared to $1.6 million at December 31, 2019. The specific allowance for impaired loans represented 10.4% of total impaired loans at March 31, 2020 and 11.7% at December 31, 2019.

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The general allowance allocated to commercial loans that were not considered to be impaired was based upon the internal risk grade of such loans. We use a loan rating method based upon an eight point system. Loans are stratified between real estate secured and non-real estate secured. The real estate secured portfolio is further stratified by the type of real estate. Each stratified portfolio is assigned a loss allocation factor. A higher numerical grade assigned to a loan category generally results in a greater allocation percentage. Changes in risk grade of loans affect the amount of the allowance allocation.

The determination of our loss factors is based upon our actual loss history by loan grade and adjusted for significant factors that, in management's judgment, affect the collectability of the portfolio as of the analysis date. We use a rolling 18 month actual net chargeoff history as the base for our computation. Over the past few years, the 18 month period computations have reflected sizeable decreases in net chargeoff experience. We addressed this volatility in the qualitative factor considerations applied in our allowance for loan losses computation. We also considered the extended period of strong asset quality in assessing the overall qualitative component.

At March 31, 2020, we also considered the effect that the global economic shutdown to combat COVID-19 is having on our loan borrowers and our local economy. While significant stimulus and mitigation efforts are expected to soften the impact, we believe a downgrade to our economic qualitative factor was appropriate and we added 7 basis points to this qualitative factor at March 31, 2020.

Certain industry sectors will be more negatively impacted by the economic effects of COVID-19 and governmental action than others. For example, businesses that thrive on large masses of people assembling in close proximity, such as hospitality, restaurants and sporting events will likely incur longer negative effects than other industries. We believe our commercial portfolio is adequately diversified, with our largest commercial concentrations in Real Estate, Rental and Leasing (27%), followed by Retail Trade (15%). The table below breaks down our commercial loan portfolio by industry type at March 31, 2020 (dollars in thousands):

	March 31, 2020
	Balance		Percent of Total Loans
Industry:
Agricultural Products	$	78,445		7.00	%
Mining and Oil Extraction		1,877		0.17	%
Utilities		—		0.00	%
Construction		81,595		7.28	%
Manufacturing		135,166		12.07	%
Wholesale Trade		64,339		5.74	%
Retail Trade		168,420		15.03	%
Transportation and Warehousing		45,716		4.08	%
Information		7,902		0.71	%
Finance and Insurance		39,696		3.54	%
Real Estate and Rental and Leasing		302,598		27.01	%
Professional, Scientific and Technical Services		6,153		0.55	%
Management of Companies and Enterprises		9,386		0.84	%
Administrative and Support Services		24,750		2.21	%
Education Services		4,181		0.37	%
Health Care and Social Assistance		62,075		5.54	%
Arts, Entertainment and Recreation		8,099		0.72	%
Accomodations and Food Services		42,668		3.81	%
Other Services		37,159		3.32	%
Public Administration		16		0.00	%
Private Households		—		0.00	%
Total commercial loans	$	1,120,241		100.00	%

Considering the change in our qualitative factors and our commercial loan portfolio balances, the general allowance allocated to commercial loans was $14.0 million at March 31, 2020 and $12.9 million at December 31, 2019. The qualitative component of our allowance allocated to commercial loans was $13.2 million at March 31, 2020, up $1.0 million from $12.2 million at December 31, 2019.

Groups of homogeneous loans, such as residential real estate and open- and closed-end consumer loans, receive allowance allocations based on loan type. A rolling 12 month (four quarter) historical loss experience period was applied to residential mortgage and consumer loan portfolios. As with commercial loans that are not considered impaired, the determination of the allowance allocation percentage is based principally on our historical loss experience. These allocations are adjusted for consideration of general economic and business conditions, credit quality and delinquency trends, collateral values, and recent loss experience for these similar pools of loans. The homogeneous loan allowance was $2.8 million at March 31, 2020 and $2.6 million at December 31, 2019.

The allowance allocations are not intended to imply limitations on usage of the allowance for loan losses. The entire allowance for loan losses is available for any loan losses without regard to loan type.

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Premises and Equipment: Premises and equipment totaled $43.5 million at March 31, 2020, up $44,000 from $43.4 million at December 31, 2019.

Deposits and Other Borrowings: Total deposits decreased $47.9 million to $1.71 billion at March 31, 2020, as compared to $1.75 billion at December 31, 2019. Non-interest checking account balances increased $9.9 million during the first three months of 2020. Interest bearing demand account balances decreased $48.8 million and savings and money market account balances decreased $1.8 million in the first three months of 2020 as municipal and business customers deployed their seasonal increase of year-end deposits. Certificates of deposits decreased by $7.3 million in the first three months of 2020 reflecting decreases in market interest rates. We believe our success in maintaining the balances of personal and business checking and savings accounts was primarily attributable to our focus on quality customer service, the desire of customers to deal with a local bank, the convenience of our branch network and the breadth and depth of our sophisticated product line.

Noninterest bearing demand accounts comprised 28.9% of total deposits at March 31, 2020 and 27.5% of total deposits at December 31, 2019. These balances typically increase at year end for many of our commercial customers, then decline in the first quarter. Because of the generally low rates paid on interest bearing account alternatives, many of our business customers chose to keep their balances in these more liquid noninterest bearing demand account types. Interest bearing demand, including money market and savings accounts, comprised 62.6% of total deposits at March 31, 2020 and 63.8% at December 31, 2019. Time accounts as a percentage of total deposits were 8.5% at March 31, 2020 and 8.7% December 31, 2019.

Borrowed funds totaled $90.6 million at March 31, 2020, including $70.0 million of Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) advances and $20.6 million in long-term debt associated with trust preferred securities. Borrowed funds totaled $80.6 million at December 31, 2019, including $60.0 million of FHLB advances and $20.6 million in long-term debt associated with trust preferred securities. The $10.0 million increase in borrowed funds in the first three months of 2020 was due to the addition of a $10.0 million FHLB advance in February 2020.

CAPITAL RESOURCES

Total shareholders' equity of $223.6 million at March 31, 2020 increased $6.1 million from $217.5 million at December 31, 2019. The increase was primarily a result of net income of $6.4 million earned in the first three months of 2020 and an increase of $2.3 million in accumulated other comprehensive income, partially offset by a payment of $2.7 million in cash dividends to shareholders. The Bank was categorized as “well capitalized” at March 31, 2020.

Capital guidelines for U.S. banks are commonly known as Basel III guidelines. The rules include a common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets ratio (CET1 ratio) of 4.5% and a capital conservation buffer of 2.5% of risk-weighted assets, effectively resulting in a minimum CET1 ratio of 7.0%. The Basel III minimum ratio of Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets is 6.0% (which, with the capital conservation buffer, effectively results in a minimum Tier 1 capital ratio of 8.5%), and the minimum total capital to risk-weighted assets ratio is 10.5% (with the capital conservation buffer), and Basel III requires a minimum leverage ratio of 4.0%. The capital ratios for the Company and the Bank under Basel III have continued to exceed the well capitalized minimum capital requirements.

The following table shows our regulatory capital ratios (on a consolidated basis) for the past several quarters:

Macatawa Bank Corporation	March 31, 2020			Dec 31, 2019			Sept 30, 2019			June 30, 2019			March 31, 2019
Total capital to risk weighted assets		15.8	%		15.8	%		16.8	%		16.8	%		16.1	%
Common Equity Tier 1 to risk weighted assets		13.4			13.5			13.2			13.1			12.6
Tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets		14.7			14.7			15.8			15.7			15.1
Tier 1 capital to average assets		11.9			11.5			12.2			12.3			12.2

Approximately $20.0 million of trust preferred securities outstanding at March 31, 2020 qualified as Tier 1 capital.

LIQUIDITY

Liquidity of Macatawa Bank: The liquidity of a financial institution reflects its ability to manage a variety of sources and uses of funds. Our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows categorize these sources and uses into operating, investing and financing activities. We primarily focus on developing access to a variety of borrowing sources to supplement our deposit gathering activities and provide funds for our investment and loan portfolios. Our sources of liquidity include our borrowing capacity with the FRB's discount window, the Federal Home Loan Bank, federal funds purchased lines of credit and other secured borrowing sources with our correspondent banks, loan payments by our borrowers, maturity and sales of our securities available for sale, growth of our deposits, federal funds sold and other short-term investments, and the various capital resources discussed above.

Liquidity management involves the ability to meet the cash flow requirements of our customers. Our customers may be either borrowers with credit needs or depositors wanting to withdraw funds. Our liquidity management involves periodic monitoring of our assets considered to be liquid and illiquid, and our funding sources considered to be core and non-core and short-term (less than 12 months) and long-term. We have established parameters that monitor, among other items, our level of liquid assets to short-term liabilities, our level of non-core funding reliance and our level of available borrowing capacity. We maintain a diversified wholesale funding structure and actively manage our maturing wholesale sources to reduce the risk to liquidity shortages. We have also developed a contingency funding plan to stress test our liquidity requirements arising from certain events that may trigger liquidity shortages, such as rapid loan growth in excess of normal growth levels or the loss of deposits and other funding sources under extreme circumstances.

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We have actively pursued initiatives to maintain a strong liquidity position. The Bank has reduced its reliance on non-core funding sources, including brokered deposits, and focused on achieving a non-core funding dependency ratio below its peer group average. We have had no brokered deposits on our balance sheet since December 2011. We continue to maintain significant on-balance sheet liquidity. At March 31, 2020, the Bank held $181.3 million of federal funds sold and other short-term investments. In addition, the Bank had available borrowing capacity from correspondent banks of approximately $354.6 million as of March 31, 2020.

In the normal course of business, we enter into certain contractual obligations, including obligations which are considered in our overall liquidity management. The table below summarizes our significant contractual obligations at March 31, 2020 (dollars in thousands):

	Less than 1 year		1-3 years		3-5 years		More than 5 years
Long term debt	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	20,619
Time deposit maturities		116,331		25,481		2,989		56
Other borrowed funds	$	—		10,000		50,000		10,000
Operating lease obligations		282		150		73		—
Total	$	116,613	$	35,631	$	53,062	$	30,675

In addition to normal loan funding, we also maintain liquidity to meet customer financing needs through unused lines of credit, unfunded loan commitments and standby letters of credit. The level and fluctuation of these commitments is also considered in our overall liquidity management. At March 31, 2020, we had a total of $492.8 million in unused lines of credit, $84.0 million in unfunded loan commitments and $15.2 million in standby letters of credit.

We believe we have sufficient liquidity sources to fund all pending PPP loans and to continue to provide this important service to local businesses if additional funds are appropriated for the PPP.

Liquidity of Holding Company: The primary sources of liquidity for the Company are dividends from the Bank, existing cash resources and the capital markets if the need to raise additional capital arises. Banking regulations and the laws of the State of Michigan in which our Bank is chartered limit the amount of dividends the Bank may declare and pay to the Company in any calendar year. Under the state law limitations, the Bank is restricted from paying dividends to the Company in excess of retained earnings. In 2019, the Bank paid dividends to the Company totaling $32.5 million. In the same period, the Company paid $20.0 million to redeem trust preferred securities and paid $9.5 million in dividends to its shareholders. On February 25, 2020, the Bank paid a dividend totaling $2.8 million to the Company in anticipation of the common share cash dividend of $0.08 per share paid on February 27, 2020 to shareholders of record on February 11, 2020. The cash distributed for this cash dividend payment totaled $2.7 million. The Company retained the remaining balance in each period for general corporate purposes. At March 31, 2020, the Bank had a retained earnings balance of $70.6 million.

During 2019 and 2018, the Company received payments from the Bank totaling $8.0 million and $5.8 million, respectively, representing the Bank’s intercompany tax liability for the 2019 and 2018 tax years, respectively, in accordance with the Company’s tax allocation agreement.

The Company has the right to defer interest payments for 20 consecutive quarters on its trust preferred securities if necessary for liquidity purposes. During the deferral period, the Company may not declare or pay any dividends on its common stock or make any payment on any outstanding debt obligations that rank equally with or junior to the trust preferred securities.

The Company’s cash balance at March 31, 2020 was $6.9 million. The Company believes that it has sufficient liquidity to meet its cash flow obligations.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES:

To prepare financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, management makes estimates and assumptions based on available information. These estimates and assumptions affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and future results could differ. The allowance for loan losses, other real estate owned valuation, loss contingencies, revenue recognition and income taxes are deemed critical due to the required level of management judgment and the use of estimates, making them particularly subject to change.

Our methodology for determining the allowance for loan losses and the related provision for loan losses is described above in the "Allowance for Loan Losses" discussion. This area of accounting requires significant judgment due to the number of factors which can influence the collectability of a loan. Unanticipated changes in these factors, including judgments made related to the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic, could significantly change the level of the allowance for loan losses and the related provision for loan losses. Although, based upon our internal analysis, and in our judgment, we believe that we have provided an adequate allowance for loan losses, there can be no assurance that our analysis has properly identified all of the probable losses in our loan portfolio. As a result, we could record future provisions for loan losses that may be significantly different than the levels that we recorded in the first three months of 2020.

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Assets acquired through or instead of foreclosure, primarily other real estate owned, are initially recorded at fair value less estimated costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. New real estate appraisals are generally obtained at the time of foreclosure and are used to establish fair value. If fair value declines, a valuation allowance is recorded through expense. Estimating the initial and ongoing fair value of these properties involves a number of factors and judgments including holding time, costs to complete, holding costs, discount rate, absorption and other factors.

Loss contingencies are recorded as liabilities when the likelihood of loss is probable and an amount or range of loss can be reasonably estimated. This, too, is an accounting area that involves significant judgment. Although, based upon our judgment, internal analysis, and consultations with legal counsel we believe that we have properly accounted for loss contingencies, future changes in the status of such contingencies could result in a significant change in the level of contingent liabilities and a related impact to operating earnings.

Noninterest revenue is recognized in accordance with contractual requirements and as we fulfill our obligations under contractual terms. Most of our noninterest revenue comes from services that are transaction based and such revenue is recognized as the related service is provided.

Our accounting for income taxes involves the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities primarily associated with differences in the timing of the recognition of revenues and expenses for financial reporting and tax purposes. At March 31, 2020, we had gross deferred tax assets of $4.5 million, gross deferred tax liabilities of $2.7 million resulting in a net deferred tax asset of $1.8 million. Accounting standards require that companies assess whether a valuation allowance should be established against their deferred tax assets based on the consideration of all available evidence using a "more likely than not" standard. At December 31, 2018, a valuation allowance of $92,000 was established against a capital loss carryforward created by the liquidation of the assets of a partnership interest the Bank acquired through a loan settlement thereby reducing net deferred tax assets. This valuation allowance was maintained at March 31, 2020, resulting in a net deferred tax asset balance of $1.7 million. With the positive results in 2019 and the first quarter of 2020, we concluded at March 31, 2020 that no other valuation allowance on our net deferred tax asset was required. Changes in tax laws, changes in tax rates, changes in ownership and our future level of earnings can impact the ultimate realization of our net deferred tax asset.

Item 3.

QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.

Our primary market risk exposure is interest rate risk and, to a lesser extent, liquidity risk. All of our transactions are denominated in U.S. dollars with no specific foreign exchange exposure. Macatawa Bank has only limited agricultural-related loan assets, and therefore has no significant exposure to changes in commodity prices.

Our balance sheet has sensitivity, in various categories of assets and liabilities, to changes in prevailing rates in the U.S. for prime rate, mortgage rates, U.S. Treasury rates and various money market indexes. Our asset/liability management process aids us in providing liquidity while maintaining a balance between interest earning assets and interest bearing liabilities.

We utilize a simulation model as our primary tool to assess the direction and magnitude of variations in net interest income and the economic value of equity (“EVE”) resulting from potential changes in market interest rates. Key assumptions in the model include contractual cash flows and maturities of interest-sensitive assets and interest-sensitive liabilities, prepayment speeds on certain assets, and changes in market conditions impacting loan and deposit pricing. We also include pricing floors on discretionary priced liability products which limit how low various checking and savings products could go under declining interest rates. These floors reflect our pricing philosophy in response to changing interest rates.

We forecast the next twelve months of net interest income under an assumed environment of gradual changes in market interest rates under various scenarios. The resulting change in net interest income is an indication of the sensitivity of our earnings to directional changes in market interest rates. The simulation also measures the change in EVE, or the net present value of our assets and liabilities, under an immediate shift, or shock, in interest rates under various scenarios, as calculated by discounting the estimated future cash flows using market-based discount rates.

The following table shows the impact of changes in interest rates on net interest income over the next twelve months and EVE based on our balance sheet as of March 31, 2020 (dollars in thousands):

Interest Rate Scenario	Economic Value of Equity		Percent Change			Net Interest Income		Percent Change
Interest rates up 200 basis points	$	289,541		2.08	%	$	61,217		10.49	%
Interest rates up 100 basis points		292,239		3.03			58,213		5.07
No change		283,634		—			55,405		—
Interest rates down 100 basis points		283,677		0.02			54,630		(1.40	)
Interest rates down 200 basis points		280,899		(0.96	)		54,828		(1.04	)

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If interest rates were to increase, this analysis suggests that we are positioned for an improvement in net interest income over the next twelve months. If interest rates were to decrease, this analysis suggests we would experience a reduction in net interest income over the next twelve months.

We also forecast the impact of immediate and parallel interest rate shocks on net interest income under various scenarios to measure the sensitivity of our earnings under these differing conditions.

The quarterly simulation analysis is monitored against acceptable interest rate risk parameters by the Asset/Liability Committee and reported to the Board of Directors.

In addition to changes in interest rates, the level of future net interest income is also dependent on a number of other variables, including: the growth, composition and absolute levels of loans, deposits, and other earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities; economic and competitive conditions; potential changes in lending, investing and deposit gathering strategies; and client preferences.

Item 4:

CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

(a)

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer ("CEO") and Chief Financial Officer ("CFO"), we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e) as of March 31, 2020, the end of the period covered by this report.

In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, as the Company's are designed to do, and management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating whether the benefits of the controls and procedures that the Company adopts outweigh their costs.

Our CEO and CFO, after evaluating the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(e)) as of the end of the period covered by this report, have concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission's rules and forms.

(b)	Changes in Internal Controls. During the period covered by this report, there have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1A.

Risk Factors.

The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) could adversely affect the business and results of operations of each of the Company.

In response to COVID-19, many state and local governments have instituted emergency restrictions that have substantially limited the activities of individuals and the operations of businesses and industries. During the week of March 9, 2020, individual states began implementing restrictions and promoting “social distancing”. These restrictions included closure of schools, restrictions on the number of public gatherings, encouragement of work at home arrangements and other measures. In Michigan, Governor Gretchen Whitmer issued a “stay home, stay safe” executive order effective March 24, 2020, which required residents to remain at home "to the maximum extent feasible" and prohibited in-person work that "is not necessary to sustain or protect life." Pursuant to the order, no person or entity was permitted to operate a business that required workers to leave their homes except to the extent that those workers were necessary (i) to conduct minimum basic operations or (ii) to sustain or protect life. On April 9, the Governor issued a revised executive order, which is effective through April 30, 2020. This revised executive order further limits travel, provides guidance regarding the definition of critical infrastructure workers, places additional requirements on businesses remaining open including limiting goods that can be sold by retailers and implementing social distancing practices, and incorporates guidance issued under the earlier order. It is possible that the Governor will issue one or more additional executive orders extending the existing orders or imposing additional restrictions on the activities of individuals or businesses. The Governor's executive orders, along with social distancing guidance issued by the federal government and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, have substantially affected many different types of businesses and have resulted in the temporary or permanent closing of businesses and significant layoffs and furloughs throughout Michigan and the United States generally.

COVID-19 has had a substantial impact on numerous aspects of life in the United States, including threats to public health, increased volatility in markets, and severe effects on national and local economies. The ultimate effect of COVID-19 on the Company's business will depend on numerous factors and future developments that are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence. At this time, it is unknown how long the COVID-19 pandemic will last, or when restrictions on individuals and businesses, such as Michigan’s “stay home, stay safe” executive orders, will be lifted and businesses and their employees will be able to resume normal activities. Further, additional information may emerge regarding the severity of COVID-19 and additional actions may be taken by federal, state, and local governments to contain COVID-19 or treat its impact. Changes in the behavior of customers, businesses and their employees as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, including social distancing practices, even after formal restrictions have been lifted, are also unknown. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and the actions taken to contain it or reduce its impact, the Company may experience changes in the value of collateral securing outstanding loans, reductions in the credit quality of borrowers and the inability of borrowers to repay loans in accordance with their terms. These and similar factors and events may have substantial negative effects on the business, financial condition, and results of operations of the Company and its customers.

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Item 2.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

The following table provides information regarding the Company’s purchase of its own common stock during the first quarter of 2020. All employee transactions are under stock compensation plans. These include shares of Macatawa Bank Corporation common stock surrendered for cancellation to satisfy tax withholding obligations that occur upon the vesting of restricted shares. The value of the shares withheld is determined based on the closing price of Macatawa Bank Corporation common stock at the date of vesting. The Company has no publicly announced repurchase plans or programs.

	Total Number of Shares Purchased		Average Price Paid Per Share
Period
January 1 - January 31, 2020
Employee Transactions		—		—
February 1 - February 29, 2020
Employee Transactions		—		—
March 1 - March 31, 2020
Employee Transactions		1,608	$	6.98
Total for First Quarter ended March 31, 2020
Employee Transactions		1,608	$	6.98

Item 6.

EXHIBITS.

3.1	Restated Articles of Incorporation. Previously filed with the Commission on October 27, 2016 in Macatawa Bank Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Exhibit 3.1. Here incorporated by reference.
3.2	Bylaws. Previously filed with the Commission on February 19, 2015 in Macatawa Bank Corporation's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, Exhibit 3.2. Here incorporated by reference.
4.1	Restated Articles of Incorporation. Exhibit 3.1 is here incorporated by reference.
4.2	Bylaws. Exhibit 3.2 is here incorporated by reference.
4.3	Long-Term Debt. The registrant has outstanding long-term debt which at the time of this report does not exceed 10% of the registrant's total consolidated assets. The registrant agrees to furnish copies of the agreements defining the rights of holders of such long-term debt to the SEC upon request.
31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer.
31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer.
32.1	Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	MACATAWA BANK CORPORATION

	/s/ Ronald L. Haan
	Ronald L. Haan
	Chief Executive Officer
	(Principal Executive Officer)

	/s/ Jon W. Swets
	Jon W. Swets
	Senior Vice President and
	Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Dated: April 23, 2020

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